Bible Commentaries

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Daniel 9

Introduction

1  Daniel, considering the time of the captivity,
3  makes confession of sins,
16  and prays for the restoration of Jerusalem.
20  Gabriel informs him of the seventy weeks.
Verse 1

In the first year of Darius the son of Ahasuerus, of the seed of the Medes, which was made king over the realm of the Chaldeans;
A. M. 3466. B.C. 538. Darius
1:21, 5:31, 6:1,28, 11:1
Ahasuerus
This was the Astyages of the heathen historians; as we learn from Tobit 14:15, where the taking of Nineveh is ascribed to Nebuchadnezzar and Assuerus, who were the same with Nabopolassar and Astyages.
which
or, in which he, etc.
Verse 2

In the first year of his reign I Daniel understood by books the number of the years, whereof the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah the prophet, that he would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of Jerusalem.
understood
8:15,16, Psalms 119:24,99,100, Matthew 24:15, Mark 13:14, Acts 8:34, 1 Timothy 4:13, 2 Timothy 3:15-17, 1 Peter 1:10-12, 2 Peter 1:19-21, Revelation 1:3
to Jeremiah
2 Chronicles 36:21, Jeremiah 25:11,12, 27:7, 29:10, Zechariah 7:5
the desolations
Psalms 74:3-7, 79:1,2, Isaiah 6:11,12, 24:10-12, 64:10, Jeremiah 7:34, 25:18, Jeremiah 26:6,18, Lamentations 1:1, Micah 3:12
Verse 3

And I set my face unto the Lord God, to seek by prayer and supplications, with fasting, and sackcloth, and ashes:
I set
6:10, Nehemiah 1:4-11, Psalms 102:13-17, Jeremiah 29:10-13, 33:3, Ezekiel 36:37, James 5:16-18
with
10:2,3, Ezra 8:21, 9:5, 10:6, Nehemiah 1:4, 9:1, Esther 4:1-3,16, Psalms 35:13, Psalms 69:10,11, Isaiah 22:12, Joel 1:13, 2:12, Jonah 3:6-9, Luke 2:37, Acts 10:30, James 4:8-10
Verse 4

And I prayed unto the LORD my God, and made my confession, and said, O Lord, the great and dreadful God, keeping the covenant and mercy to them that love him, and to them that keep his commandments;
made
5-12, Leviticus 26:40-42, 1 Kings 8:47-49, 2 Chronicles 7:14, Nehemiah 9:2,3, Psalms 32:5, Jeremiah 3:13, 1 John 1:8-10
the great
Exodus 20:6, 34:6,7, Numbers 14:18,19, Deuteronomy 5:10, 7:9, 1 Kings 8:23, Nehemiah 1:5, 9:32, Jeremiah 32:17-19, Micah 7:18-20, Nahum 1:2-7, Luke 1:72, Romans 8:28, James 1:12, James 2:5, 1 John 5:2,3
Verse 5

We have sinned, and have committed iniquity, and have done wickedly, and have rebelled, even by departing from thy precepts and from thy judgments:
have sinned
15, 1 Kings 8:47-50, 2 Chronicles 6:37-39, Ezra 9:6, Nehemiah 1:6-8, 9:33,34, Psalms 106:6, Isaiah 64:5-7, Jeremiah 3:25, 14:7
departing
Psalms 18:21, 119:102, Isaiah 59:13, Ezekiel 6:9, Hosea 1:2, Malachi 3:7, Hebrews 3:12
Verse 6

Neither have we hearkened unto thy servants the prophets, which spake in thy name to our kings, our princes, and our fathers, and to all the people of the land.
have we
10, 2 Kings 17:13,14, 2 Chronicles 33:10, 36:15,16, Isaiah 30:10,11, Jeremiah 6:16,17, Jeremiah 7:13,25,26, 25:3-7, 26:5, 29:19, 32:32,33, 44:4,5,16, Zechariah 1:4-6, Zechariah 7:8-12, Matthew 21:34-40, 23:37, Luke 20:10-12, Acts 7:51,52, 13:27, 1 Thessalonians 2:15,16
our kings
Ezra 9:7, Nehemiah 9:32,34
Verse 7

O Lord, righteousness belongeth unto thee, but unto us confusion of faces, as at this day; to the men of Judah, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and unto all Israel, that are near, and that are far off, through all the countries whither thou hast driven them, because of their trespass that they have trespassed against thee.
righteousness
8,14, Deuteronomy 32:4, Ezra 9:13, Nehemiah 9:33, Psalms 51:4,14, 119:137, Jeremiah 12:1, Luke 23:40,41
belongeth unto thee
or, thou hast, etc. unto us.
Ezra 9:6,7, Psalms 44:15, Isaiah 45:16, Jeremiah 2:26,27, 3:25, Ezekiel 16:63, 36:31, Romans 6:21
near
Deuteronomy 4:27, 2 Kings 17:6,7, Isaiah 11:11, Jeremiah 24:9, Amos 9:9, Acts 2:5-11
whither
Leviticus 26:33,34
Verse 8

O Lord, to us belongeth confusion of face, to our kings, to our princes, and to our fathers, because we have sinned against thee.
to us
6,7
because
Jeremiah 14:20, Lamentations 1:7,8,18, 3:42, 5:16
Verse 9

To the Lord our God belong mercies and forgivenesses, though we have rebelled against him;
To the Lord
From God's goodness flow His mercies; and from His mercies, forgiveness.
7, Exodus 34:6,7, Numbers 14:18,19, Nehemiah 9:17,31, Psalms 62:12, 86:5,15, 130:4,7, Psalms 145:8,9, Isaiah 55:7, 63:7, Lamentations 3:22,23, Jonah 4:2, Micah 7:18,19, Ephesians 1:6-8, 2:4-7
though
5, Nehemiah 9:18,19,26-28, Psalms 106:43-45, Jeremiah 14:7, Ezekiel 20:8,9,13
Verse 10

Neither have we obeyed the voice of the LORD our God, to walk in his laws, which he set before us by his servants the prophets.
which
6, 2 Kings 17:13, 18:12, Ezra 9:10,11, Nehemiah 9:13-17, Hebrews 1:1
Verse 11

Yea, all Israel have transgressed thy law, even by departing, that they might not obey thy voice; therefore the curse is poured upon us, and the oath that is written in the law of Moses the servant of God, because we have sinned against him.
all
2 Kings 17:18-23, Isaiah 1:4-6, Jeremiah 8:5-10, 9:26, Ezekiel 22:26-31
the curse
Leviticus 26:14-46, Deuteronomy 27:15-26, 28:15-68, 29:20-29, 30:17-19, 31:17,18, Deuteronomy 32:19-42
Verse 12

And he hath confirmed his words, which he spake against us, and against our judges that judged us, by bringing upon us a great evil: for under the whole heaven hath not been done as hath been done upon Jerusalem.
confirmed
Isaiah 44:26, Lamentations 2:17, Ezekiel 13:6, Zechariah 1:8, Matthew 5:18, Romans 15:8
our judges
1 Kings 3:9, Job 12:17, Psalms 2:10, 148:11, Proverbs 8:16
for under
The destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans, and the condition of the Jews during almost eighteen centuries, have far more exceeded all the miseries of the capture of Jerusalem by the Chaldeans, and in the Babylonish captivity, than those miseries exceeded the judgments inflicted on other nations; for the guilt of crucifying the Messiah, and rejecting his gospel, was immensely more atrocious than all their other transgressions.
Lamentations 1:12, 2:13, 4:6, Ezekiel 5:9, Joel 2:2, Amos 3:2, Matthew 24:21, Mark 13:19, Luke 21:22
Verse 13

As it is written in the law of Moses, all this evil is come upon us: yet made we not our prayer before the LORD our God, that we might turn from our iniquities, and understand thy truth.
As it is
Thus every succeeding part of the Sacred writings attests and prove the Divine authority of the preceding. The history relates the fulfilment of former predictions; and then new prophecies are add, which future events accomplish, and thus demonstrate their inspiration to the latest ages.
11, Leviticus 26:14-46, Deuteronomy 28:15-68, Isaiah 42:9, Lamentations 2:15-17, John 10:35
made we not our prayer before
Heb. intreated we not the face of.
Job 36:13, Isaiah 9:13, Jeremiah 2:30, 5:3, Hosea 7:7,10,14
that we
Deuteronomy 29:4, Psalms 85:4, 119:18,27,73, Isaiah 64:7, Jeremiah 31:18, 44:27, Lamentations 5:21, Luke 24:45, John 6:45, 8:32, Ephesians 1:17,18, 4:21, James 1:5
Verse 14

Therefore hath the LORD watched upon the evil, and brought it upon us: for the LORD our God is righteous in all his works which he doeth: for we obeyed not his voice.
watched
Jeremiah 31:28, 44:27
the Lord
7, Nehemiah 9:33, Psalms 51:14
for
Verse 15

And now, O Lord our God, that hast brought thy people forth out of the land of Egypt with a mighty hand, and hast gotten thee renown, as at this day; we have sinned, we have done wickedly.
that hast
Exodus 6:1,6, 14:1-15, 32:11, 1 Kings 8:51, Nehemiah 1:10, Jeremiah 32:20-23, 2 Corinthians 1:10
and hast
Exodus 9:16, 14:18, Nehemiah 9:10, Psalms 106:8, Isaiah 55:13, Jeremiah 32:10
gotten thee renown
Heb. made thee a name. we have sinned.
5, Luke 15:18,19,21, 18:13
Verse 16

O Lord, according to all thy righteousness, I beseech thee, let thine anger and thy fury be turned away from thy city Jerusalem, thy holy mountain: because for our sins, and for the iniquities of our fathers, Jerusalem and thy people are become a reproach to all that are about us.
according
1 Samuel 2:7, Nehemiah 9:8, Psalms 31:1, 71:2, 143:1, Micah 6:4,5, 2 Thessalonians 1:6, 1 John 1:9
thy holy
20, Psalms 87:1-3, Joel 3:17, Zechariah 8:3
for the
Exodus 20:5, Leviticus 26:39,40, Psalms 106:6-48, Matthew 23:31,32, Luke 11:47-51
Jerusalem
1 Kings 9:7-9, Psalms 41:13, 79:4, Isaiah 64:9-11, Jeremiah 24:9, 29:18, Lamentations 1:8,9, Lamentations 2:15,16
Verse 17

Now therefore, O our God, hear the prayer of thy servant, and his supplications, and cause thy face to shine upon thy sanctuary that is desolate, for the Lord's sake.
cause
Numbers 6:23-26, Psalms 4:6, 67:1, 80:1,3,7,19, 119:135, Revelation 21:23
thy sanctuary
Lamentations 5:18
for
19, John 16:24, 2 Corinthians 1:20
Verse 18

O my God, incline thine ear, and hear; open thine eyes, and behold our desolations, and the city which is called by thy name: for we do not present our supplications before thee for our righteousnesses, but for thy great mercies.
incline
1 Kings 8:29, 2 Kings 19:16, Psalms 17:6,7, Isaiah 37:17, 63:15-19, 64:12
behold
Exodus 3:7, Psalms 80:14-19
which is called by thy name
Heb. whereupon thy name is called.
Jeremiah 7:10, 14:9, 15:16, 25:29, 1 Corinthians 1:2
for we
Isaiah 64:6, Jeremiah 14:7, Ezekiel 36:32
present
Heb. cause to fall.
Jeremiah 36:7, 37:20; *marg:
Verse 19

O Lord, hear; O Lord, forgive; O Lord, hearken and do; defer not, for thine own sake, O my God: for thy city and thy people are called by thy name.
O Lord, forgive
Numbers 14:19, 1 Kings 8:30-39, 2 Chronicles 6:21,25-30,39, Amos 7:2, Luke 11:8
defer
Psalms 44:23-26, 74:9-11, 79:5, 85:5,6, 102:13,14, Isaiah 64:9-12
thine
Psalms 79:8-10, 102:15,16, 115:1,2, Jeremiah 14:7,20,21, Ezekiel 20:9,14,22, Ezekiel 36:22, 39:25, Ephesians 1:6,12, 3:10
for thy
18, Psalms 79:6, Isaiah 63:16-19, Jeremiah 14:9, 25:29
Verse 20

And whiles I was speaking, and praying, and confessing my sin and the sin of my people Israel, and presenting my supplication before the LORD my God for the holy mountain of my God;
whiles
10:2, Psalms 32:5, 145:18, Isaiah 58:9, 65:24, Acts 4:31, 10:30,31
confessing
4, Ecclesiastes 7:20, Isaiah 6:5, Romans 3:23, James 3:2, 1 John 1:8-10
for
16, Psalms 137:5,6, Isaiah 56:7, 62:6,7, Zechariah 8:3, Revelation 21:2,10
Verse 21

Yea, whiles I was speaking in prayer, even the man Gabriel, whom I had seen in the vision at the beginning, being caused to fly swiftly, touched me about the time of the evening oblation.
the man
8:16, 10:16, Luke 1:19
to fly
Psalms 103:20, 104:4, Isaiah 6:2, Ezekiel 1:11,14, Hebrews 1:7
swiftly
Heb. with weariness, or flight. touched.
8:18, 10:10,16,18, Isaiah 6:6,7, Acts 12:7, Hebrews 1:14
the time
1 Kings 18:36, Ezra 9:5, Matthew 27:46, Acts 3:1, 10:3,9
Verse 22

And he informed me, and talked with me, and said, O Daniel, I am now come forth to give thee skill and understanding.
he informed
24-27, 8:16, 10:21, Zechariah 1:9,14, 6:4,5, Revelation 4:1
give thee skill and understanding
Heb. make thee skilful of understanding
Verse 23

At the beginning of thy supplications the commandment came forth, and I am come to shew thee; for thou art greatly beloved: therefore understand the matter, and consider the vision.
the beginning
10:12
commandment
Heb. word. for.
10:11,19, Luke 1:28
greatly beloved
Heb. a man of desires.
Song of Solomon 7:10, Ezekiel 24:16, 26:12; *marg:
understand
Matthew 24:15
Verse 24

Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and upon thy holy city, to finish the transgression, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up the vision and prophecy, and to anoint the most Holy.
Seventy weeks
That is, seventy weeks of years, or 490 years, which reckoned from the seventh year of Artaxerxes, coinciding with the 4,256th year of the Julian period, and in the month Nisan, in which Ezra was commissioned to restore the Jewish state and polity, (Ezr 7:9-26) will bring us to the month of Nisan of the 4,746th year of the same period, or A.D. 33, the very month and year in which our Lord suffered, and completed the work of our salvation.
Leviticus 25:8, Numbers 14:34, Ezekiel 4:6
finish
or, restrain.
Matthew 1:21, 1 John 3:8
and to
Lamentations 4:22, Colossians 2:14, Hebrews 9:26, 10:14
make an end of
or, seal up.
Ezekiel 28:12
to make
Leviticus 8:15, 2 Chronicles 29:24, Isaiah 53:10, Romans 5:10, 2 Corinthians 5:18-20, Colossians 1:20, Hebrews 2:17
to bring
Isaiah 51:6,8, 53:11, 56:1, Jeremiah 23:5,6, Romans 3:21,22, 1 Corinthians 1:30, 2 Corinthians 5:21, Philippians 3:9, Hebrews 9:12-14, 2 Peter 1:1, Revelation 14:6
seal up
Matthew 11:13, Luke 24:25-27,44,45, John 19:28-30
prophecy
Heb. prophet.
Acts 3:22
and to anoint
Psalms 2:6, 45:7, Isaiah 61:1, Luke 4:18-21, John 1:41, 3:34, Hebrews 1:8,9, 9:11
the most
Mark 1:24, Luke 1:35, Acts 3:14, Hebrews 7:26, Revelation 3:7
Verse 25

Know therefore and understand, that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times.
and understand
23, Matthew 13:23, 24:15, Mark 13:14, Acts 8:30
from
Ezra 4:24, 6:1-15, 7:1,8,11-26, Nehemiah 2:1-8, 3:1
restore and to build Jerusalem
or, build again Jerusalem: as.
2 Samuel 15:25, Psalms 71:10
the Messiah
John 1:41, 4:25
the Prince
8:11,25, Isaiah 9:6, 55:4, Micah 5:2, Acts 3:15, 5:31, Revelation 1:5, 19:16
seven weeks
The seventy weeks are here divided into three periods. 1. Seven weeks, or 49 years, for the restoration of Jerusalem. 2. Sixty-two weeks, or 434 years, from that time to the announcement of the Messiah by John the Baptist. 3. One week, or seven years, for the ministry of John and of CHRIST himself to the crucifixion.
be built again
Heb. return and be builded. wall. or, breach, or, ditch. even.
Nehemiah 4:8,16-18, Ephesians 5:16
troublous times
Heb. strait of times.
Nehemiah 6:15
Verse 26

And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined.
Messiah
Psalms 22:15, Isaiah 53:8, Mark 9:12, Luke 24:26,46, John 11:51,52, 12:32-34, 2 Corinthians 5:21, Galatians 3:13, 1 Peter 2:21,24, 3:18
but not
or, and shall have nothing.
John 14:30
and the people, etc
or, and (the Jews) shall be no more his people.
11:17, Hosea 1:9
or, and the Prince's (Messiah's, ver
25,) future people. The Romans, who under Titus, after the expiration of the 70 weeks, destroyed the temple and the city, and dispersed the Jews.
the prince
Matthew 22:2,7, 23:38, 24:2, Mark 13:2, Luke 19:43,44, 21:6,24, Acts 6:13,14
and the end
Matthew 24:6-14, Mark 13:7
with
11:10, Isaiah 8:7, Jeremiah 46:7, Amos 8:8, 9:5, Nahum 1:8
desolations are determined
or, it shall be cut off by desolations
Verse 27

And he shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate, even until the consummation, and that determined shall be poured upon the desolate.
confirm
Isaiah 42:6, 53:11, 55:3, Jeremiah 31:31-34, 32:40-42, Ezekiel 16:60-63, Matthew 26:28, Romans 5:15,19, 15:8,9, Galatians 3:13-17, Hebrews 6:13-18, 8:8-13, Hebrews 9:15-20,28, 10:16-18, 13:20,21
the covenant
or, a covenant. cause.
Matthew 27:51, Hebrews 10:4-22
for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate
or, upon the battlements shall be the idols of the desolator.
8:13, 11:36, 12:11, Isaiah 10:22,23, 28:22, Matthew 24:15, Mark 13:14, Luke 21:20,24, Romans 11:26
that determined
Leviticus 26:14-46, Deuteronomy 4:26-28, 28:15-68, 29:18-29, 30:17,18, 31:28,29, Deuteronomy 32:19-44, Psalms 69:22-28, 1 Thessalonians 2:15,16
upon the desolate
or, upon the desolator.

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