Bible Commentaries

E.W. Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes

Romans 13

Verse 1

soul. App-110.

be subject. See Romans 8:7.

unto = to.

higher = supreme. Greek. huperecho. Here, Philippians 1:2, Philippians 1:3; Philippians 3:8; Philippians 4:7. 1 Peter 2:13.

powers. App-172.

but = if (App-118) not (App-105).

of. App-104. but the texts read "under", App-104.

God. App-98.

ordained. See Acts 13:48.


Verse 2

resisteth. Greek. antitassomai. See Acts 18:6.

resisteth, resist = withstand. Greek. anthistemi. See Romans 9:19.

ordinance. See Acts 7:53.

damnation. App-177.


Verse 3

rulers. App-172.

evil App-128.

Wilt . . . power? = desirest thou not then to fear the power?

Wilt. App-102.

do. Greek. poieo.

praise. See Romans 2:29.


Verse 4

the = a.

minister. App-190.

beareth = weareth. Greek. phoreo. Elsewhere, Matthew 11:8. John 19:5. 1 Corinthians 15:49, 1 Corinthians 15:49. James 2:3

revenger = avenger. Greek. ekdikos. Only here and 1 Thessalonians 4:6.

to execute = for. App-104.

upon him = to the one.

doeth = practiseth. Greek. prasso.


Verse 5

for. App-104. Romans 13:2.

wrath = the wrath.

for conscience sake = on account of (App-104. Romans 13:2) the conscience. See Romans 2:15; Romans 9:1. Acts 23:1.


Verse 6

for this cause. Greek. dia (App-104. Romans 13:2) touto.

pay you = ye pay. Greek. teleo. As "fulfil" in Romans 2:27.

tribute. Greek. phoros. Tax as paid by those of another state or country. Only here; Romans 13:7. Luke 20:22; Luke 23:2.

ministers. App-190.

attending continually = persevering. Same Greek. word in Romans 12:12.


Verse 7

therefore. Omit.

their = the.

dues. Greek. opheile. Only here and Matthew 18:32.

custom. That which is paid for public ends. Greek. telos. Compare Matthew 17:25.


Verse 8

no man = no one. Greek. medeis.

but = if (App-118) not (App-105).

love. App-135.

another = the other. App-124.

fulfilled. See Romans 1:29. App-125.

the. Omit.


Verse 9

covet. See Romans 7:7.

if . . . any. Greek. ei (App-118. a) tis (App-123.)

commandment. See Romans 7:8, Romans 7:9.

briefly comprehended = summed up. Greek. anakephalaioomai. Only here and Ephesians 1:10.

saying. App-121.

namely. Literally in (App-104.) the (saying).

neighbour. Greek. plesios.


Verse 10

Love. App-135.

worketh. See Romans 2:10.

ill. Greek. kakos, translated "evil" in verses: Romans 13:3, Romans 13:4.

the, the. Omit.

fulfilling = fulfilment, or fulness. Greek. pleroma. See Romans 11:12, Romans 11:25.


Verse 11

knowing. App-132.

time = season. Greek. kairos.

high time. Greek. hora. See 1 John 2:18 (hour).

awake = be awakened. App-178.

out of. App-104.

believed. See Romans 1:16. App-150.


Verse 12

far spent = advanced. See Luke 2:52. Galatians 1:1, Galatians 1:14. 2 Timothy 2:16; 2 Timothy 3:9.

at hand = drawn nigh. Compare Luke 21:28.

cast off. See Acts 7:58 (laid down).

darkness = the darkness. See Romans 2:19. Compare Ephesians 5:11. Colossians 1:13.

armour. See Romans 6:13.

light = the light. App-130. See John 1:4, and compare 2 Corinthians 6:7.


Verse 13

honestly = decently. Greek. euschemonos. Only here, 1 Corinthians 14:40. 1 Thessalonians 4:12.

rioting = revelling. Greek. komos. Only here, Galatians 1:5, Galatians 1:21. 1 Peter 4:3.

wantonness = lasciviousness. Here, Mark 7:22. 2 Corinthians 12:21. Galatians 1:5, Galatians 1:19. Ephesians 4:19. 1 Peter 4:3. 2 Peter 2:7, 2 Peter 2:18. Jude 1:4.

envying = jealousy. See Acts 5:17.


Verse 14

Lord Jesus Christ. See Romans 1:7.

provision. See Acts 24:2.

the flesh. i.e. the old nature.

to . . . thereof. Literally unto (App-104.) lusts. See Romans 1:24.

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