Bible Commentaries

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Jeremiah 31

Introduction

1  The restoration of Israel.
10  The publication thereof.
15  Rahel mourning is comforted.
18  Ephraim repenting is brought home again.
22  Christ is promised.
27  His care over the church.
31  His new covenant.
35  The stability,
38  and amplitude of the church.
Verse 1

At the same time, saith the LORD, will I be the God of all the families of Israel, and they shall be my people.
same
30:24
will
33, 30:22, 32:38, Genesis 17:7,8, Leviticus 26:12, Psalms 48:14, 144:15, Isaiah 41:10, Ezekiel 11:20, 34:31, 36:28, 39:22, Zechariah 13:9, John 20:17, Hebrews 12:16
of
3:18, 23:6, 30:3,10, 33:7,14,24-26, 50:4, Isaiah 11:12,13, Ezekiel 37:16-27, Hosea 1:11, Zechariah 10:6,7, Romans 11:26-29
Verse 2

Thus saith the LORD, The people which were left of the sword found grace in the wilderness; even Israel, when I went to cause him to rest.
The people
Exodus 1:16,22, 2:23, 5:21, 12:37, 14:8-12, 15:9,10, 17:8-13
found
2:2, Deuteronomy 1:30,33, 2:7, 8:2,3,16, Nehemiah 9:12-15, Psalms 78:14-16,23-29,52, Psalms 105:37-43, 136:16-24, Isaiah 63:7-14, Ezekiel 20:14-17
when
Numbers 10:33, Deuteronomy 12:9, Psalms 95:11, Isaiah 63:14, Matthew 11:28, Hebrews 4:8,9
Verse 3

The LORD hath appeared of old unto me, saying, Yea, I have loved thee with an everlasting love: therefore with lovingkindness have I drawn thee.
of old
Heb. from afar. I have.
Deuteronomy 7:7-9, 10:15, 33:3,26, Hosea 11:1, Malachi 1:2, Romans 9:13, 1 John 4:19
an
Psalms 103:17, Isaiah 45:17, 54:8,9, Romans 11:28,29, 2 Thessalonians 2:13-16, 2 Timothy 1:9
with loving-kindness have I drawn
or, have I extended loving-kindness unto.
Song of Solomon 1:4, Hosea 11:4, John 6:44,45, Romans 8:30, Ephesians 1:3-5, 2:4,5, Titus 3:3-6, James 1:18, 1 Peter 1:3
Verse 4

Again I will build thee, and thou shalt be built, O virgin of Israel: thou shalt again be adorned with thy tabrets, and shalt go forth in the dances of them that make merry.
build
1:10, 30:18, 33:7, Psalms 51:18, 69:35, Amos 9:11, Acts 15:16, Ephesians 2:20-22, Revelation 21:10-27
O
21, 14:17, 18:13, 2 Kings 19:21, Isaiah 37:22, Lamentations 1:15, 2:13, Amos 5:2
again
13, Exodus 15:20,21, Judges 11:34, 1 Samuel 18:6,7, Psalms 149:3, 150:3-6, Luke 15:23, Revelation 19:1-8
tabrets
or, timbrels.
Verse 5

Thou shalt yet plant vines upon the mountains of Samaria: the planters shall plant, and shall eat them as common things.
yet
Deuteronomy 28:30, Isaiah 62:8,9, 65:21,22, Amos 9:14, Micah 4:4, Zechariah 3:10
mountains
Ezekiel 36:8, Obadiah 1:19
eat
Heb. profane.
Leviticus 19:23-25, Deuteronomy 20:6, 28:30, 1 Samuel 21:5
Verse 6

For there shall be a day, that the watchmen upon the mount Ephraim shall cry, Arise ye, and let us go up to Zion unto the LORD our God.
a day
6:17, Isaiah 40:9, 52:7,8, 62:6, Ezekiel 3:17, 33:2, Hosea 9:8
upon
50:19, 2 Chronicles 13:4, 30:5-11, Acts 8:5-8
Arise
50:4,5, Ezra 1:5, 8:15-20, Isaiah 2:2-4, 11:11-13, Hosea 1:11, Micah 4:1-3, Zechariah 8:20-23
Verse 7

For thus saith the LORD; Sing with gladness for Jacob, and shout among the chief of the nations: publish ye, praise ye, and say, O LORD, save thy people, the remnant of Israel.
Sing
Deuteronomy 32:43, Psalms 67:1, 96:1-3, 98:1-4, 117:1,2, 138:4,5, Isaiah 12:4-6, Isaiah 24:14-16, 42:10-12, 44:23, Zephaniah 3:14-20
O
Psalms 14:7, 28:9, 69:35, 106:47, Hosea 1:7
remnant
23:3, Isaiah 1:9, 11:11, 37:4,31, Ezekiel 6:8, Joel 2:32, Amos 5:15, Micah 2:12, Micah 7:18, Zephaniah 2:9, 3:13, Romans 9:27, 11:5
Verse 8

Behold, I will bring them from the north country, and gather them from the coasts of the earth, and with them the blind and the lame, the woman with child and her that travaileth with child together: a great company shall return thither.
I
3:12, 23:8, 29:14, Psalms 107:3, Zechariah 2:6
the coasts
Psalms 65:5, 98:3, Isaiah 43:6, 45:22, 52:10, Ezekiel 20:34,41, 34:13
them the
Isaiah 40:11, 42:16, Ezekiel 34:16, Micah 4:6, Zephaniah 3:19, Matthew 12:20, John 21:15, 1 Corinthians 8:10, 1 Thessalonians 5:14, Hebrews 4:15, 12:12
Verse 9

They shall come with weeping, and with supplications will I lead them: I will cause them to walk by the rivers of waters in a straight way, wherein they shall not stumble: for I am a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my firstborn.
come
3:4, 50:4, Psalms 126:5,6, Hosea 12:4, Zechariah 12:10, Daniel 9:17,18, Matthew 5:4, Luke 6:21, Romans 8:26, 2 Corinthians 7:9-11, Hebrews 5:7
supplications
or, favours. I will.
Psalms 23:2, Isaiah 35:6-8, 41:17-19, 43:16-19, 49:9-11, Revelation 7:17
in a
Isaiah 40:3,4, 57:14, 63:13, Matthew 3:3, Luke 3:4-6, Hebrews 12:13
for I
20, 3:4,19, Exodus 4:22, Deuteronomy 32:6, 1 Chronicles 29:10, Isaiah 63:16, 64:8, Matthew 6:9, 2 Corinthians 6:18, Hebrews 12:23
Ephraim
Ezekiel 34:12-14
Verse 10

Hear the word of the LORD, O ye nations, and declare it in the isles afar off, and say, He that scattered Israel will gather him, and keep him, as a shepherd doth his flock.
declare
Genesis 10:5, Psalms 72:10, Isaiah 24:14, 41:1, 42:4,10, 60:9, 66:19, Zephaniah 2:11
He
50:17, Deuteronomy 30:4, 32:26, Isaiah 27:12, 40:11, 54:7, Ezekiel 5:2,10, 11:16, Ezekiel 20:34, Micah 2:12, 4:6, Zephaniah 3:19, John 11:52
and keep
Isaiah 40:11, Ezekiel 34:12, 37:24, Micah 5:4, Zechariah 9:16, Luke 12:32, John 10:27, Acts 20:28,29
Verse 11

For the LORD hath redeemed Jacob, and ransomed him from the hand of him that was stronger than he.
redeemed
15:21, 50:33, Isaiah 44:23, 48:20, 49:24, Hosea 13:14, Matthew 20:28, Titus 2:14, Hebrews 2:14,15
stronger
Psalms 142:6, Matthew 12:29, 22:29, Luke 11:21,22
Verse 12

Therefore they shall come and sing in the height of Zion, and shall flow together to the goodness of the LORD, for wheat, and for wine, and for oil, and for the young of the flock and of the herd: and their soul shall be as a watered garden; and they shall not sorrow any more at all.
Therefore
4, 33:9-11, Isaiah 12:1-6, 35:10, 51:11
the height
Isaiah 2:2-5, Ezekiel 17:23, 20:40, Micah 4:1,2
and shall
33:9, Psalms 130:4, Hosea 3:5, Romans 2:4
wheat
Hosea 2:20-23, Joel 3:18, Zechariah 9:15-17
and their
Isaiah 1:30, 58:11
and they
Isaiah 35:10, 60:20, 65:19, John 16:22, Revelation 7:17, 21:4
Verse 13

Then shall the virgin rejoice in the dance, both young men and old together: for I will turn their mourning into joy, and will comfort them, and make them rejoice from their sorrow.
shall
4, Nehemiah 12:27,43, Psalms 30:11, 149:3, Zechariah 8:4,5,19
for
Ezra 6:22, Esther 9:22, Isaiah 35:10, 51:3,11, 60:20, 61:3, 65:18,19, John 16:22
Verse 14

And I will satiate the soul of the priests with fatness, and my people shall be satisfied with my goodness, saith the LORD.
satiate
Deuteronomy 33:8-11, 2 Chronicles 6:41, Nehemiah 10:39, Psalms 132:9,16, Isaiah 61:6, 1 Peter 2:9, Revelation 5:10
my people
25, 33:9, Psalms 17:15, 36:8, 63:5, 65:4, 107:9, Song of Solomon 5:1, Isaiah 25:6, Isaiah 55:1-3, 66:10-14, Zechariah 9:15-17, Matthew 5:6, Ephesians 1:3, 3:19, Revelation 7:16,17
Verse 15

Thus saith the LORD; A voice was heard in Ramah, lamentation, and bitter weeping; Rahel weeping for her children refused to be comforted for her children, because they were not.
A.# Eze 2:10 Mt 2:16
Ramah
40:1, Joshua 18:25, 1 Samuel 7:17, Matthew 2:18
Rama
refused
Genesis 37:35, Psalms 77:2, Isaiah 22:4
because
Genesis 42:13,36, Job 7:21, Psalms 37:36, Lamentations 5:7
Verse 16

Thus saith the LORD; Refrain thy voice from weeping, and thine eyes from tears: for thy work shall be rewarded, saith the LORD; and they shall come again from the land of the enemy.
Refrain
Genesis 43:31, 45:1, Psalms 30:5, Mark 5:38,39, John 20:13-15, 1 Thessalonians 4:14
for
Ruth 2:12, 2 Chronicles 15:7, Ecclesiastes 9:7, Hebrews 6:10, 11:6
they
4,5, 23:3, 29:14, 30:3,18, 33:7,11, Ezra 1:5-11, Ezekiel 11:17,18, Ezekiel 20:41,42, Hosea 1:11
Verse 17

And there is hope in thine end, saith the LORD, that thy children shall come again to their own border.
29:11-16, 46:27,28, Psalms 102:13,14, Isaiah 6:13, 11:11-16, Lamentations 3:18,21,26, Ezekiel 37:11-14,25, 39:28, Hosea 2:15, 3:5, Amos 9:8,9, Matthew 24:22, Romans 11:23-26
Verse 18

I have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself thus; Thou hast chastised me, and I was chastised, as a bullock unaccustomed to the yoke: turn thou me, and I shall be turned; for thou art the LORD my God.
surely
Job 33:27,28, Psalms 102:19,20, Isaiah 57:15-18, Hosea 5:15, 6:1,2, Luke 15:20
Ephraim
6,9, 3:21,22, 50:4,5, Hosea 11:8,9, 14:4-8
Thou hast
2:30, 5:3, Job 5:17, Psalms 39:8,9, 94:12, 119:75, Proverbs 3:11, Isaiah 1:5, Isaiah 9:13, 57:17, Hosea 5:12,13, Zephaniah 3:2, Hebrews 12:5, Revelation 3:19
as a
Psalms 32:9, Proverbs 26:3, 29:1, Isaiah 51:20, 53:7, Lamentations 3:27-30, Hosea 10:11
turn
17:14, Psalms 80:3,7,19, 85:4, Lamentations 5:21, Malachi 4:6, Luke 1:17, Acts 3:26, Philippians 2:13, James 1:16-18
for
3:22,25, Isaiah 63:16
Verse 19

Surely after that I was turned, I repented; and after that I was instructed, I smote upon my thigh: I was ashamed, yea, even confounded, because I did bear the reproach of my youth.
Surely after
Deuteronomy 30:2,6-8, Ezekiel 36:26,31, Zechariah 12:10, Luke 15:17-19, John 6:44,45, Ephesians 2:3-5, 2 Timothy 2:25, Titus 3:3-7
I smote
Ezekiel 21:12, Luke 18:13, 2 Corinthians 7:10,11
I was ashamed
3:25, Leviticus 26:41,42, Ezra 9:6, Ezekiel 6:9, 16:61-63, 20:43,44, 36:31, Romans 6:21
I did
3:25, 22:21, 32:30, Job 13:26, 20:11, Psalms 25:7, Isaiah 54:4, Ezekiel 23:3, Luke 15:30
Verse 20

Is Ephraim my dear son? is he a pleasant child? for since I spake against him, I do earnestly remember him still: therefore my bowels are troubled for him; I will surely have mercy upon him, saith the LORD.
Is Ephraim
9, 3:19, Psalms 103:13, Proverbs 3:12, Luke 15:24,32
for
Deuteronomy 32:36, Judges 10:16, Isaiah 57:16-18, Lamentations 3:31,32, Hosea 11:8,9
my bowels
Genesis 43:30, 1 Kings 3:26, Song of Solomon 5:4, Philippians 1:8
are troubled
Heb. sound.
48:36, Isaiah 16:11, 63:15
I will
Isaiah 55:7, 57:18, Hosea 14:4, Micah 7:18,19
Verse 21

Set thee up waymarks, make thee high heaps: set thine heart toward the highway, even the way which thou wentest: turn again, O virgin of Israel, turn again to these thy cities.
Set thee
Isaiah 57:14, 62:10
set thine
50:5, Deuteronomy 32:46, 1 Chronicles 29:3, 2 Chronicles 11:16, 20:3, Psalms 62:10, 84:5, Proverbs 24:32; *marg:; Ezekiel 40:4, Haggai 1:5; *marg:
turn
51:6,50, Isaiah 48:20, 52:11,12, Zechariah 2:6,7
O
4, 3:14, Zechariah 10:9
Verse 22

How long wilt thou go about, O thou backsliding daughter? for the LORD hath created a new thing in the earth, A woman shall compass a man.
How
2:18,23,36, 4:14, 13:27, Hosea 8:5
backsliding
3:6,8,11,12,14,22, 7:24, 8:4-6, 14:7, 49:4, Hosea 4:16, 11:7, 14:4, Zechariah 7:11
created
Numbers 16:30
A woman
literally "A female ('one who is only a woman, not a wife, namely a virgin,' says Cocceius) shall encompass a man," or a male child: comp. Job 3:3. Which, together with the addition of a new creation, may well be understood to denote the miraculous conception. Hence the Jews have applied it determinately to the Messiah. In Berashith Rabba, (Parash 89) it is said, that as God punished Israel in a virgin, so would he also heal; and in Midrash Tillim, on Ps. 2, R. Huna, in the name of R. Idi, speaking of the sufferings of the Messiah, says, that when his hour is come, God shall say, "I must create him with a new creation; and so he saith, This day I have begotten thee."
Genesis 3:15, Isaiah 7:14, Matthew 1:21, Luke 1:34,35, Galatians 4:4
Verse 23

Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; As yet they shall use this speech in the land of Judah and in the cities thereof, when I shall bring again their captivity; The LORD bless thee, O habitation of justice, and mountain of holiness.
As
23:5-8, 33:15-26, Isaiah 1:26, 60:21, Zechariah 8:3
The Lord
Ruth 2:4, Psalms 28:9, 122:5-8, 128:5, 129:8, 134:3
O
50:7, Isaiah 1:21
and mountain
Psalms 48:1,2, 87:1-3, Obadiah 1:17, Micah 4:1, Zechariah 8:3
Verse 24

And there shall dwell in Judah itself, and in all the cities thereof together, husbandmen, and they that go forth with flocks.
33:11-13, Ezekiel 36:10, Zechariah 2:4, 8:4-8
Verse 25

For I have satiated the weary soul, and I have replenished every sorrowful soul.
14, Psalms 107:9, Isaiah 32:2, 50:4, Matthew 5:6, 11:28, Luke 1:53, John 4:14, 2 Corinthians 7:6
Verse 26

Upon this I awaked, and beheld; and my sleep was sweet unto me.
Psalms 127:2, Zechariah 4:1,2
Verse 27

Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of man, and with the seed of beast.
the days
that I
30:19, Ezekiel 36:9, Hosea 2:23, Zechariah 10:9
Verse 28

And it shall come to pass, that like as I have watched over them, to pluck up, and to break down, and to throw down, and to destroy, and to afflict; so will I watch over them, to build, and to plant, saith the LORD.
that like
44:27, Daniel 9:14
to pluck
1:10, 18:7-9, 45:4
so
24:6, 32:41, Psalms 69:35, 102:16, 147:2, Ecclesiastes 3:2,3, Daniel 9:25, Amos 9:11, Acts 15:16
Verse 29

In those days they shall say no more, The fathers have eaten a sour grape, and the children's teeth are set on edge.
30, Lamentations 5:7, Ezekiel 18:2,3
Verse 30

But every one shall die for his own iniquity: every man that eateth the sour grape, his teeth shall be set on edge.
Deuteronomy 24:16, Isaiah 3:11, Ezekiel 3:18,19,24, 18:4,20, 33:8,13,18, Galatians 6:5,7,8, James 1:15
Verse 31

Behold, <I>the days come, saith the LORD, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah:
the days
27, 23:5, 30:3, 33:14-16, Amos 9:13
I
32:40, Ezekiel 37:26, Matthew 26:28, Mark 14:24, Luke 22:20, 1 Corinthians 11:25, 2 Corinthians 3:6, Hebrews 8:6-13, 9:15, 10:16,17, 12:24, 13:20
with
50:4,5, Galatians 6:16, Philippians 3:3
Verse 32

Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which my covenant they brake, although I was an husband unto them, saith the LORD:
Not
1, 34:14, Exodus 19:5, 24:6-8, Deuteronomy 5:3, 29:1, 1 Kings 8:9, Ezekiel 16:8,60-62, Hebrews 9:18-22
in the
Deuteronomy 1:31, Psalms 73:23, Song of Solomon 8:5, Isaiah 41:13, 63:12-14, Hosea 11:1,3,4, Mark 8:23
which
11:7-10, 22:9, Leviticus 26:15, Deuteronomy 29:21, 31:16, Isaiah 24:5, Ezekiel 16:59, Ezekiel 20:37, Hebrews 8:9
although I was
or, should I have continued?
2:2, 3:14, Isaiah 54:5, Ezekiel 16:8, 23:4, Hosea 2:2, 3:1, John 3:29, 2 Corinthians 11:2
Verse 33

But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the LORD, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people.
But this shall be the
32:40
I will
Deuteronomy 30:6, Psalms 37:31, 40:8, Isaiah 51:7, Ezekiel 11:19, 36:25-27, Romans 7:22, Romans 8:2-8, 2 Corinthians 3:3,7,8, Galatians 5:22,23, Hebrews 8:10, 10:16
and will
1, 24:7, 30:22, 32:38, Genesis 17:7,8, Ezekiel 11:20, 37:27, Zechariah 13:9, John 20:17, Revelation 21:3,7
Verse 34

And they shall teach no more every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the LORD: for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the LORD: for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.
teach
1 Thessalonians 4:9, Hebrews 5:12, 1 John 2:27
Know the
1 Samuel 2:12, 1 Chronicles 28:9, John 17:3
for they
24:7, Isaiah 11:9, 30:26, 54:13, 60:19-21, Habakkuk 2:14, Matthew 11:27, John 6:45, John 17:6, 2 Corinthians 2:10, 4:6, 1 John 2:20, 5:20
for I
33:8, 50:20, Isaiah 33:24, 43:25, 44:22, Micah 7:18, Acts 10:43, 13:38,39, Romans 11:26,27, Ephesians 1:7, Hebrews 8:12, 10:17,18
Verse 35

Thus saith the LORD, which giveth the sun for a light by day, and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night, which divideth the sea when the waves thereof roar; The LORD of hosts is his name:
which giveth
Genesis 1:14-18, Deuteronomy 4:19, Job 38:33, Psalms 19:1-6, 72:5,17, 74:16, Psalms 89:2,36,37, 119:89, 136:7-9, Matthew 5:45
which divideth
Exodus 14:21,22, Job 26:12, Psalms 74:13, 78:13, 106:9, 114:3-5, Isaiah 51:15, Isaiah 63:12
when
5:22, Job 38:10,11, Psalms 93:3,4, 107:25-29, Isaiah 51:15, Matthew 8:25,26
The Lord
10:16, 32:18, 46:18, 50:34, 51:19, Isaiah 48:2, 54:5
Verse 36

If those ordinances depart from before me, saith the LORD, then the seed of Israel also shall cease from being a nation before me for ever.
those
33:20-26, Psalms 72:5,17, 89:36,37, 102:28, 119:89, 148:6, Isaiah 54:9,10
cease
46:28, Deuteronomy 32:26, Amos 9:8,9
Verse 37

Thus saith the LORD; <I>If heaven above can be measured, and the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, I will also cast off all the seed of Israel for all that they have done, saith the LORD.
If
33:22, Job 11:7-9, Psalms 89:2, Proverbs 30:4, Isaiah 40:12
I
30:11, 33:24-26, 46:28, Romans 11:2-5,26-29
Verse 38

Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that the city shall be built to the LORD from the tower of Hananeel unto the gate of the corner.
the days
27, 23:5
that
30:18, Nehemiah 2:17-20, 12:30-40, Isaiah 44:28, Ezekiel 48:30-35, Daniel 9:25
the tower
Nehemiah 3:1, 12:39, Zechariah 14:10
the gate
2 Kings 14:13, 2 Chronicles 26:9
Verse 39

And the measuring line shall yet go forth over against it upon the hill Gareb, and shall compass about to Goath.
Ezekiel 40:8, Zechariah 2:1,2
Verse 40

And the whole valley of the dead bodies, and of the ashes, and all the fields unto the brook of Kidron, unto the corner of the horse gate toward the east, shall be holy unto the LORD; it shall not be plucked up, nor thrown down any more for ever.
the whole
7:32, 19:11-13, 32:36, Ezekiel 37:2
the brook
2 Samuel 15:23, 2 Kings 23:6,12, John 18:1
Cedron
unto
2 Kings 11:16, 2 Chronicles 23:15, Nehemiah 3:28
shall be
Ezekiel 45:1-6, 48:35, Joel 3:17, Zechariah 14:20
it shall
18:7, Isaiah 51:22, Ezekiel 37:25, 39:29

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