Bible Commentaries

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Acts 23

Introduction

1  As Paul pleads his cause,
2  Ananias commands them to smite him.
7  Dissension among his accusers.
11  God encourages him.
14  The Jews' laying wait for Paul,
20  is declared unto the chief captain.
27  He sends him to Felix the governor.
Verse 1

And Paul, earnestly beholding the council, said, Men and brethren, I have lived in all good conscience before God until this day.
earnestly
6, 6:15, 22:5, Proverbs 28:1
Men
22:1
I have
24:16, 1 Corinthians 4:4, 2 Corinthians 1:12, 4:2, 2 Timothy 1:3, Hebrews 13:18, 1 Peter 3:16
Verse 2

And the high priest Ananias commanded them that stood by him to smite him on the mouth.
Ananias
24:1
to smite
1 Kings 22:24, Jeremiah 20:2, Micah 5:1, Matthew 26:67, John 18:22
Verse 3

Then said Paul unto him, God shall smite thee, thou whited wall: for sittest thou to judge me after the law, and commandest me to be smitten contrary to the law?
God
God did smite him in a remarkable manner; for about five years after this, after his house had been reduced to ashes, in a tumult raised by his own son, he was besieged and taken in the royal palace; where having attempted in vain to hide himself, he was dragged out and slain.
thou whited
Matthew 23:27,28
for
Leviticus 19:35, Psalms 58:1,2, 82:1,2, 94:20, Ecclesiastes 3:16, Amos 5:7, Micah 3:8-11
smitten
Deuteronomy 25:1,2, John 7:51, 18:24
Verse 5

Then said Paul, I wist not, brethren, that he was the high priest: for it is written, Thou shalt not speak evil of the ruler of thy people.
I wist
Soon after the holding of the first council at Jerusalem, Ananias, son of Nebedenus, was deprived of the high priest's office, for certain acts of violence, and sent to Rome, whence he was afterwards released, and returned to Jerusalem. Between the death of Jonathan, who succeeded him and was murdered by Felix, and the high priesthood of Ismael, who was invested with that office by Agrippa, an interval elapsed in which this dignity was vacant. This was the precise time when Paul was apprehended; and the Sanhedrin being destitute of a president, Ananias undertook to discharge the office. It is probable that Paul was ignorant of this circumstance.
24:17
Thou
Exodus 22:28, Ecclesiastes 10:20, 2 Peter 2:10, Jude 1:8,9
Verse 6

But when Paul perceived that the one part were Sadducees, and the other Pharisees, he cried out in the council, Men and brethren, I am a Pharisee, the son of a Pharisee: of the hope and resurrection of the dead I am called in question.
Paul
Matthew 10:16
I am
26:5, Philippians 3:5
of the hope
24:15,21, 26:6-8, 28:20
Verse 7

And when he had so said, there arose a dissension between the Pharisees and the Sadducees: and the multitude was divided.
there
14:4, Psalms 55:9, Matthew 10:34, John 7:40-43
Verse 8

For the Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, neither angel, nor spirit: but the Pharisees confess both.
4:1, Matthew 22:23, Mark 12:18, Luke 20:27
Verse 9

And there arose a great cry: and the scribes that were of the Pharisees' part arose, and strove, saying, We find no evil in this man: but if a spirit or an angel hath spoken to him, let us not fight against God.
We
25:25, 26:31, 1 Samuel 24:17, Proverbs 16:7, Luke 23:4,14,15,22
if
8, 9:4, 22:7,17,18, 26:14-19, 27:23, John 12:29
let
5:39, 11:17, 1 Corinthians 10:22
Verse 10

And when there arose a great dissension, the chief captain, fearing lest Paul should have been pulled in pieces of them, commanded the soldiers to go down, and to take him by force from among them, and to bring him into the castle.
fearing
27, 19:28-31, 21:30-36, Psalms 7:2, 50:22, Micah 3:3, James 1:19, 3:14-18, James 4:1,2
to take
22:24
Verse 11

And the night following the Lord stood by him, and said, Be of good cheer, Paul: for as thou hast testified of me in Jerusalem, so must thou bear witness also at Rome.
the Lord
2:25, 18:9, 27:23,24, Psalms 46:1,2, 109:31, Isaiah 41:10,14, 43:2, Jeremiah 15:19-21, Matthew 28:20, John 14:18, 2 Corinthians 1:8-10
Be
27:22,25, Matthew 9:2, 14:27, John 16:33
for
19:21, 20:22, 22:18, 28:23-28, Romans 1:15,16, Philippians 1:13, 2 Timothy 4:17
must
28:30,31, Isaiah 46:10, John 11:8-10
Verse 12

And when it was day, certain of the Jews banded together, and bound themselves under a curse, saying that they would neither eat nor drink till they had killed Paul.
certain
21,30, 25:3, Psalms 2:1-3, 64:2-6, Isaiah 8:9,10, Jeremiah 11:19, Matthew 26:4
bound
1 Kings 19:2, 2 Kings 6:31, Matthew 27:25, Mark 6:23-26
under a curse
or, with an oath of execration.
Leviticus 27:29, Joshua 6:26, 7:1,15, Nehemiah 10:29, Matthew 26:74; *Gr:; 1 Corinthians 16:22, Galatians 3:13
that
Such execrable vows as these were not unusual among the Jews, who, from their perverted traditions, challenged to themselves a right of punishing without any legal process, those whom they considered transgressors of the law; and in some cases, as in the case of one who had forsaken the law of Moses, they thought they were justified in killing them. They therefore made no scruple of acquainting the chief priests and elders with their conspiracy against the life of Paul, and applying for their connivance and support; who, being chiefly of the sect of the Sadducees, and the apostle's bitterest enemies, were so far from blaming them for it, that they gladly aided and abetted them in this mode of dispatching him, and on its failure they soon afterwards determined upon making a similar attempt. (ch. 25:2, 3.) If these were, in their bad way, conscientious men, they were under no necessity of perishing for hunger, when the providence of God had hindered them from accomplishing their vow; for their vows of abstinence from eating and drinking were as easy to loose as to bind, any of their wise men or Rabbis having power to absolve them, as Dr. Lightfoot has shown from the Talmud.
1 Samuel 14:24,27,28,40-44, Psalms 31:13
Verse 13

And they were more than forty which had made this conspiracy.
which
2 Samuel 15:12,31, John 16:2
Verse 14

And they came to the chief priests and elders, and said, We have bound ourselves under a great curse, that we will eat nothing until we have slain Paul.
Psalms 52:1,2, Isaiah 3:9, Jeremiah 6:15, 8:12, Hosea 4:9, Micah 7:3
Verse 15

Now therefore ye with the council signify to the chief captain that he bring him down unto you to morrow, as though ye would enquire something more perfectly concerning him: and we, or ever he come near, are ready to kill him.
that he
25:3, Psalms 21:11, 37:32,33, Proverbs 1:11,12,16, 4:16, Isaiah 59:7, Romans 3:14-16
Verse 16

And when Paul's sister's son heard of their lying in wait, he went and entered into the castle, and told Paul.
when
Job 5:13, Proverbs 21:30, Lamentations 3:37, 1 Corinthians 3:19
he went
2 Samuel 17:17
Verse 17

Then Paul called one of the centurions unto him, and said, Bring this young man unto the chief captain: for he hath a certain thing to tell him.
one
23, 22:26, Proverbs 22:3, Matthew 8:8,9, 10:16
Verse 18

So he took him, and brought him to the chief captain, and said, Paul the prisoner called me unto him, and prayed me to bring this young man unto thee, who hath something to say unto thee.
Paul
16:25, 27:1, 28:17, Genesis 40:14,15, Ephesians 3:1, 4:1, Philemon 1:9
something
Luke 7:40
Verse 19

Then the chief captain took him by the hand, and went with him aside privately, and asked him, What is that thou hast to tell me?
took
Jeremiah 31:32, Mark 8:23, 9:27
What
Nehemiah 2:4, Esther 5:3, 7:2, 9:12, Mark 10:51
Verse 20

And he said, The Jews have agreed to desire thee that thou wouldest bring down Paul to morrow into the council, as though they would enquire somewhat of him more perfectly.
The Jews
as
15, Psalms 12:2, Daniel 6:5-12
Verse 21

But do not thou yield unto them: for there lie in wait for him of them more than forty men, which have bound themselves with an oath, that they will neither eat nor drink till they have killed him: and now are they ready, looking for a promise from thee.
do not
Exodus 23:2
for
12-14, 9:23,24, 14:5,6, 20:19, 25:3, 2 Corinthians 11:26,32,33
an oath
14, Romans 9:3
Verse 22

So the chief captain then let the young man depart, and charged him, See thou tell no man that thou hast shewed these things to me.
Joshua 2:14, Mark 1:44
Verse 23

And he called unto him two centurions, saying, Make ready two hundred soldiers to go to Caesarea, and horsemen threescore and ten, and spearmen two hundred, at the third hour of the night;
two centurions
at
About nine o'clock in the evening, for the greater secrecy, and to elude the cunning, active malice of the Jews.
Matthew 14:25, Luke 12:38
Verse 24

And provide them beasts, that they may set Paul on, and bring him safe unto Felix the governor.
beast
Nehemiah 2:12, Esther 8:12, Luke 10:34
Felix
26,33-35, 24:3,10,22-27, 25:14
the governor
Matthew 27:2, Luke 3:1
Verse 26

Claudius Lysias unto the most excellent governor Felix sendeth greeting.
the most
24:3, 26:25; *Gr:; Luke 1:3
greeting
15:23, James 1:1, 3 John 1:14
Verse 27

This man was taken of the Jews, and should have been killed of them: then came I with an army, and rescued him, having understood that he was a Roman.
was taken
10, 21:31-33, 24:7
having
22:25-29
Verse 28

And when I would have known the cause wherefore they accused him, I brought him forth into their council:
22:30
Verse 29

Whom I perceived to be accused of questions of their law, but to have nothing laid to his charge worthy of death or of bonds.
questions
6-9, 18:15, 24:5,6,10-21, 25:19,20
but
25:7,8,11,25, 26:31
Verse 30

And when it was told me how that the Jews laid wait for the man, I sent straightway to thee, and gave commandment to his accusers also to say before thee what they had against him. Farewell.
it was
and gave
24:7,8, 25:5,6
Farewell
15:29, 2 Corinthians 13:11
Verse 31

Then the soldiers, as it was commanded them, took Paul, and brought him by night to Antipatris.
as
23,24, Luke 7:8, 2 Timothy 2:3,4
Verse 33

Who, when they came to Caesarea, and delivered the epistle to the governor, presented Paul also before him.
delivered
presented
28:16
Verse 34

And when the governor had read the letter, he asked of what province he was. And when he understood that he was of Cilicia;
he asked
25:1, Esther 1:1, 8:9, Daniel 2:49, 6:1, Luke 23:6
Cilicia
15:41, 21:39
Verse 35

I will hear thee, said he, when thine accusers are also come. And he commanded him to be kept in Herod's judgment hall.
when
30, 24:1,10,22,24-27, 25:16
in
Matthew 2:1,3,16
judgment
Matthew 27:27, John 18:28

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