Bible Commentaries

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Deuteronomy 16

Introduction

1  The feast of the passover,
9  of weeks,
13  of tabernacles.
16  Every male must offer, as he is able, at these three feasts.
18  Of judges and justice.
21  Groves and images are forbidden.
Verse 1

Observe the month of Abib, and keep the passover unto the LORD thy God: for in the month of Abib the LORD thy God brought thee forth out of Egypt by night.
the month
Exodus 12:2-20, 34:18, Leviticus 23:5, Numbers 9:2-5, 28:16
the passover
This word comes from the Hebrew verb pasach, to pass, to leap or skip over. The destroying angel passed over the houses marked with the blood of the Paschal Lamb, so the wrath of God passes over those whose souls sprinkled with the blood of Christ. 1Co 5:7. As the paschal lamb was killed before Israel was delivered, so by the death of Christ, we have redemption through his blood. It was killed before the tables of the law were delivered to Moses, or Aaron's sacrifices were enjoined; thus deliverance comes to men, not by the works of the law, but by the only true passover, the Lamb of God. Ro 3:25. Heb 9:14. It was killed the first month of the year, which prefigured that Christ should suffer death in that month. Joh 18:28. it was killed in the evening. Ex 12:6. Christ suffered at that time of the day. Mt 27:46. Heb 1:2. At even the sun sets; at Christ's passion, universal darkness was upon the whole earth. The passover was roasted with fire, denoting the sharp and dreadful pains that Christ should suffer, not only from men, but God also. It was to be eaten with bitter herbs, Ex 12:8; not only to put them in remembrance of their bitter bondage in Egypt, but also to testify our mortification to sin, and readiness to undergo afflictions for Christ, Col 1:24; and likewise to teach us the absolute necessity of true repentance in all that would profitably feed by faith on Christ, the true paschal lamb.
for in
Exodus 12:29-42, 13:4, 23:15, 34:18
Verse 2

Thou shalt therefore sacrifice the passover unto the LORD thy God, of the flock and the herd, in the place which the LORD shall choose to place his name there.
sacrifice
Exodus 12:5-7, Numbers 28:16-19, 2 Chronicles 35:7, Matthew 26:2,17, Mark 14:12, Luke 22:8,15, 1 Corinthians 5:7
in the place which
12:5,11,14,18,26, 15:20
Verse 3

Thou shalt eat no leavened bread with it; seven days shalt thou eat unleavened bread therewith, even the bread of affliction; for thou camest forth out of the land of Egypt in haste: that thou mayest remember the day when thou camest forth out of the land of Egypt all the days of thy life.
eat no
Exodus 12:15,19,20,39, 13:3-7, 34:18, Leviticus 23:6, Numbers 9:11, 28:17, 1 Corinthians 5:8
the bread
1 Kings 22:27, Psalms 102:9, 127:2, Zechariah 12:10, 2 Corinthians 7:10,11, 1 Thessalonians 1:6
for thou camest
Exodus 12:32,33,39
mayest
Exodus 12:14,26,27, 13:7-9, Psalms 111:4, Luke 22:19, 1 Corinthians 11:24-26
Verse 4

And there shall be no leavened bread seen with thee in all thy coast seven days; neither shall there any thing of the flesh, which thou sacrificedst the first day at even, remain all night until the morning.
there shall
Exodus 12:15, 13:7, 34:25
neither
Exodus 12:10
Verse 5

Thou mayest not sacrifice the passover within any of thy gates, which the LORD thy God giveth thee:
sacrifice
or, kill.
2, 12:5,6
Verse 6

But at the place which the LORD thy God shall choose to place his name in, there thou shalt sacrifice the passover at even, at the going down of the sun, at the season that thou camest forth out of Egypt.
at even
Exodus 12:6-9, Numbers 9:3,11, Matthew 26:20, Hebrews 1:2,3, 9:26, 1 Peter 1:19,20
Verse 7

And thou shalt roast and eat it in the place which the LORD thy God shall choose: and thou shalt turn in the morning, and go unto thy tents.
roast
Exodus 12:8,9, 2 Chronicles 35:13, Psalms 22:14,15
in the place
2,6, 2 Kings 23:23, John 2:13,23, 11:55
Verse 8

Six days thou shalt eat unleavened bread: and on the seventh day shall be a solemn assembly to the LORD thy God: thou shalt do no work therein.
Six days
Exodus 12:15,16, 13:7,8, Leviticus 23:6-8, Numbers 28:17-19
solemn assembly
Heb. restraint.
Leviticus 23:36, 2 Chronicles 7:9, Nehemiah 8:18, Joel 1:14; *margins
Verse 9

Seven weeks shalt thou number unto thee: begin to number the seven weeks from such time as thou beginnest to put the sickle to the corn.
10,16, Exodus 23:16, 34:22, Leviticus 23:15,16, Numbers 28:26-30, 2 Chronicles 8:13, Acts 2:1, 1 Corinthians 16:8, Hebrews 2:1
Verse 10

And thou shalt keep the feast of weeks unto the LORD thy God with a tribute of a freewill offering of thine hand, which thou shalt give unto the LORD thy God, according as the LORD thy God hath blessed thee:
a tribute
or, sufficiency.
16, Leviticus 5:7, 12:8, 25:26; *margins; Numbers 31:28,37, Proverbs 3:9,10
according
17, Proverbs 10:22, Joel 2:14, Haggai 2:15-19, Malachi 3:10,11, 1 Corinthians 16:2, 2 Corinthians 8:10,12, 9:5-11
Verse 11

And thou shalt rejoice before the LORD thy God, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy manservant, and thy maidservant, and the Levite that is within thy gates, and the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, that are among you, in the place which the LORD thy God hath chosen to place his name there.
14, 12:7,12,18, Isaiah 64:5, 66:10-14, Habakkuk 3:18, Romans 5:11, 2 Corinthians 1:24, Philippians 4:4
Verse 12

And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in Egypt: and thou shalt observe and do these statutes.
15, 15:15, Lamentations 3:19,20, Romans 6:17,18, Ephesians 2:1-3,11
Verse 13

Thou shalt observe the feast of tabernacles seven days, after that thou hast gathered in thy corn and thy wine:
the feast
31:10, Exodus 23:16, 34:22, Leviticus 23:34-36, Numbers 29:12-40, 2 Chronicles 5:3, 7:8-10, 2 Chronicles 8:13, Ezra 3:4, Nehemiah 8:14-18, Zechariah 14:16-18, John 7:2
corn and thy wine
Heb. floor and thine wine-press.
Verse 14

And thou shalt rejoice in thy feast, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy manservant, and thy maidservant, and the Levite, the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, that are within thy gates.
12:12, 26:11, Nehemiah 8:9-12, Ecclesiastes 9:7, Isaiah 12:1-6, 25:6-8, 30:29, 35:10, 1 Thessalonians 5:16
Verse 15

Seven days shalt thou keep a solemn feast unto the LORD thy God in the place which the LORD shall choose: because the LORD thy God shall bless thee in all thine increase, and in all the works of thine hands, therefore thou shalt surely rejoice.
Seven days
Leviticus 23:36-42, Numbers 29:12-38
because
10, 7:13, 28:8-12, 30:16
Verse 16

Three times in a year shall all thy males appear before the LORD thy God in the place which he shall choose; in the feast of unleavened bread, and in the feast of weeks, and in the feast of tabernacles: and they shall not appear before the LORD empty:
Three times
Exodus 23:14-17, 34:22,23, 1 Kings 9:25
and they shall
Exodus 23:15, 34:20, 1 Chronicles 29:3-9,14-17, Psalms 96:8, Proverbs 3:9,10, Isaiah 23:18, Isaiah 60:6-9, Haggai 1:9, Matthew 2:11, Mark 12:3
Verse 17

Every man shall give as he is able, according to the blessing of the LORD thy God which he hath given thee.
as he is able
Heb. according to the gift of his hand.
10, Leviticus 27:8, Ezra 2:63, Mark 12:41-44, 2 Corinthians 8:12, 9:6,7
Verse 18

Judges and officers shalt thou make thee in all thy gates, which the LORD thy God giveth thee, throughout thy tribes: and they shall judge the people with just judgment.
Judges
1:15-17, 17:9,12, 19:17,18, 21:2, Exodus 18:25,26, 21:6, 1 Chronicles 23:4, 26:29, 2 Chronicles 19:5-11, Psalms 82:2,3, Romans 13:1-6
in all thy gates
This expression may refer to the gate of the city, as the forum or place of public concourse among the Israelites, where a court of judicature was held, to try all causes and decide all affairs. The same practice obtained among other Eastern nations. The Ottoman court, it is well known, derived its appellation of the Porte, from the distribution of justice and the dispatch of public business at its gates. And the square tower which forms the principal entrance to the Alhamra, or red palace of the Moorish kings of Grenada, retains to this day the appellation of the Gate of judgment, from its having been the place where justice was at one period summarily administered.
Verse 19

Thou shalt not wrest judgment; thou shalt not respect persons, neither take a gift: for a gift doth blind the eyes of the wise, and pervert the words of the righteous.
wrest
24:17, 27:19, Exodus 23:2,6-8, Leviticus 19:15, 1 Samuel 8:3, 12:3, Job 31:21,22, Proverbs 17:23, Ecclesiastes 7:7, Isaiah 1:17,23, 33:15, Jeremiah 5:28, Ezekiel 22:12, Micah 7:3, Habakkuk 1:4, Zephaniah 3:3-5, Acts 16:37, 23:3
respect
1:16,17, 10:17, Exodus 23:7,8, Proverbs 24:23,28, Acts 10:34
words
or, matters.
Verse 20

That which is altogether just shalt thou follow, that thou mayest live, and inherit the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee.
That which, etc
Heb. Justice, justice.
25:13-16, Micah 6:8, Philippians 4:8
live
4:1, Ezekiel 18:5,9, Romans 10:5
Verse 21

Thou shalt not plant thee a grove of any trees near unto the altar of the LORD thy God, which thou shalt make thee.
Exodus 34:13, Judges 3:7, 1 Kings 14:15, 16:33, 2 Kings 17:16, 21:3, 2 Chronicles 33:3
Verse 22

Neither shalt thou set thee up any image; which the LORD thy God hateth.
image
or, statue, or pillar.
Exodus 20:4, Leviticus 26:1
which
12:31, Jeremiah 44:4, Zechariah 8:17, Revelation 2:6,15

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