Bible Commentaries

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Leviticus 19

Introduction

1  A repetition of sundry laws.
Verse 2

Speak unto all the congregation of the children of Israel, and say unto them, Ye shall be holy: for I the LORD your God am holy.
Ye shall
11:44,45, 20:7,26, 21:8, Exodus 19:6, Isaiah 6:3,4, Amos 3:3, Matthew 5:48, 2 Corinthians 6:14-16, 7:1, 1 Peter 1:15,16
Verse 3

Ye shall fear every man his mother, and his father, and keep my sabbaths: I am the LORD your God.
fear
Exodus 20:12, 21:15,17, Deuteronomy 21:18-21, 27:16, Proverbs 1:8, 6:20,21, 23:22, Proverbs 30:11,17, Ezekiel 22:7, Malachi 1:6, Matthew 15:4-6, Ephesians 6:1-3, Hebrews 12:9
keep
26:2, Exodus 16:29, 20:8, 31:13-17, Isaiah 56:4-6, 58:13, Ezekiel 20:12, 22:8
Verse 4

Turn ye not unto idols, nor make to yourselves molten gods: I am the LORD your God.
not unto
26:1, Exodus 20:3-5, 1 Corinthians 10:14, 1 John 5:21
molten gods
Exodus 20:23, 32:4, 34:17, Deuteronomy 27:15, Haggai 2:18
Verse 5

And if ye offer a sacrifice of peace offerings unto the LORD, ye shall offer it at your own will.
a sacrifice
3:1-17, 7:16, 22:21, Exodus 24:5, 2 Chronicles 31:2, Ezekiel 45:15-17, 46:2,12, Ephesians 2:13,14
ye shall
1:3, 22:19,23,29
your own will
The Hebrews had several kinds of offerings, which they called corban. Some were free-will offerings, and others were of obligation. The first fruits, the tenths, the sin-offerings, were of obligation; the peace-offerings, vows, offerings of oil, wine, bread, and other things which were made to the temple, or to the ministers of the Lord, were offerings of devotion; these constituted the greater part. They indeed were a shadow of good things to come, which we enjoy in full fruition through THE ONE great SACRIFICE, even Jesus Christ.
Verse 6

It shall be eaten the same day ye offer it, and on the morrow: and if ought remain until the third day, it shall be burnt in the fire.
7:11-17
Verse 7

And if it be eaten at all on the third day, it is abominable; it shall not be accepted.
abominable
Isaiah 1:13, 65:4, 66:3, Jeremiah 16:18
it shall
7:18-21, 22:23,25
Verse 9

And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly reap the corners of thy field, neither shalt thou gather the gleanings of thy harvest.
ye reap the harvest
In what code of laws merely human, is a requisition to be found so counteracting to selfishness, so encouraging to liberality, and so beneficently considering to the poor and needy? But the Mosaic dispensation, like the Christian, breathed with love to God, and benevolence to man. To the honour of the public and charitable spirit of the English, this merciful law is, in general, as much attended to as if it had been incorporated with the gospel.
23:29, Deuteronomy 24:19-21, Ruth 2:2,15
Verse 10

And thou shalt not glean thy vineyard, neither shalt thou gather every grape of thy vineyard; thou shalt leave them for the poor and stranger: I am the LORD your God.
glean
Judges 8:2, Isaiah 17:6, 24:13, Jeremiah 49:9, Obadiah 1:5, Micah 7:1
thou shalt
25:6
Verse 11

Ye shall not steal, neither deal falsely, neither lie one to another.
shalt not
6:2, Exodus 20:15,17, 22:1,7,10-12, Deuteronomy 5:19, Jeremiah 6:13, 7:9-11, Zechariah 5:3,4, 8:16,17, 1 Corinthians 6:8-10, Ephesians 4:28
lie one
1 Kings 13:18, Psalms 101:7, 116:11, Jeremiah 9:3-5, Acts 5:3,4, Romans 3:4, Ephesians 4:25, Colossians 3:9, 1 Timothy 1:10, Revelation 21:8
Verse 12

And ye shall not swear by my name falsely, neither shalt thou profane the name of thy God: I am the LORD.
ye shall
6:3, Exodus 20:7, Deuteronomy 5:11, Psalms 15:4, Jeremiah 4:2, 7:9, Zechariah 5:4, Malachi 3:5, Matthew 5:33,34, James 5:12
profane
18:21, 24:11,15,16, Ezekiel 36:20-23
Verse 13

Thou shalt not defraud thy neighbour, neither rob him: the wages of him that is hired shall not abide with thee all night until the morning.
shalt not
Proverbs 20:10, 22:22, Jeremiah 22:3, Ezekiel 22:29, Mark 10:19, Luke 3:13, 1 Thessalonians 4:6
the wages
Deuteronomy 24:14,15, Job 31:39, Jeremiah 22:13, Malachi 3:5, James 5:4
Verse 14

Thou shalt not curse the deaf, nor put a stumblingblock before the blind, but shalt fear thy God: I am the LORD.
not curse
Deuteronomy 27:18, Romans 12:14, 14:13, 1 Corinthians 8:8-13, 10:32, Revelation 2:14
fear
32, 25:17, Genesis 42:18, Nehemiah 5:15, 1 Peter 1:17, 2:17
Verse 15

Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment: thou shalt not respect the person of the poor, nor honour the person of the mighty: but in righteousness shalt thou judge thy neighbour.
35, Exodus 18:21, 23:2, 23:2,3,7,8, Deuteronomy 1:17, 16:19, 25:13-16, 27:19, 2 Chronicles 19:6,7, Psalms 82:2, Proverbs 18:5, 24:23, James 2:6-9
Verse 16

Thou shalt not go up and down as a talebearer among thy people: neither shalt thou stand against the blood of thy neighbour: I am the LORD.
tale-bearer
Exodus 23:1, Psalms 15:3, Proverbs 11:13, 20:19, Jeremiah 6:28, 9:4, Ezekiel 22:9, 1 Timothy 3:11, 2 Timothy 3:3, Titus 2:3, 1 Peter 2:1
stand
Exodus 20:16, 23:1,7, 1 Kings 21:10-13, Matthew 26:60,61, 27:4, Acts 6:11-13, Acts 24:4-9
Verse 17

Thou shalt not hate thy brother in thine heart: thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbour, and not suffer sin upon him.
hate
Genesis 27:41, Proverbs 26:24-26, 1 John 2:9,11, 3:12-15
rebuke
Psalms 141:5, Proverbs 9:8, 27:5,6, Matthew 18:15-17, Luke 17:3, Galatians 2:11-14, 6:1, Ephesians 5:11, 1 Timothy 5:20, 2 Timothy 4:2, Titus 1:13, 2:15
and not suffer sin upon him
or, that thou bear not sin for him.
Romans 1:32, 1 Corinthians 5:2, 1 Timothy 5:22, 2 John 1:10,11
Verse 18

Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD.
not avenge
Exodus 23:4,5, Deuteronomy 32:25, 2 Samuel 13:22,28, Proverbs 20:22, Matthew 5:43,44, Romans 12:17,19, 13:4, Galatians 5:20, Ephesians 4:31, Colossians 3:8, 1 Peter 2:1
thou shalt
Matthew 5:43, 19:19, 22:39,40, Mark 12:31-34, Luke 10:27-37, Romans 13:9, Galatians 5:14, James 2:8
Verse 19

Ye shall keep my statutes. Thou shalt not let thy cattle gender with a diverse kind: thou shalt not sow thy field with mingled seed: neither shall a garment mingled of linen and woollen come upon thee.
thy cattle gender
These practices might have been considered as altering the original constitution of God in creation; and this is the view which the Jews, and also Josephus and Philo, take of the subject. There were, probably, also both moral and political reasons for these prohibitions. With respect to heterogenous mixtures among cattle, it was probably forbidden, to prevent excitements to the abominations condemned in the preceding chapter. As to seeds, in many cases, it would be highly improper to sow different kinds in the same plot of ground. If oats and wheat, for instance, were sown together, the latter would be injured, and the former ruined. This prohibition may therefore be regarded as a prudential agricultural maxim. As to different kinds of garments, the prohibition might be intended against pride and vanity in clothing.
Genesis 36:24, 2 Samuel 13:29, 18:9, 1 Kings 1:33, Ezra 2:66
mingled
Deuteronomy 22:9-11, Matthew 9:16,17, Romans 11:6, 2 Corinthians 6:14-17, Galatians 3:9-11
Verse 20

And whosoever lieth carnally with a woman, that is a bondmaid, betrothed to an husband, and not at all redeemed, nor freedom given her; she shall be scourged; they shall not be put to death, because she was not free.
betrothed to an husband
or, abused by any. Heb. reproached by, or, for man. she shall be scourged. or, they. Heb. there shall be a scourging. they shall.
Exodus 21:20,21, Deuteronomy 22:23,24
Verse 21

And he shall bring his trespass offering unto the LORD, unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, even a ram for a trespass offering.
5:1-6
Verse 22

And the priest shall make an atonement for him with the ram of the trespass offering before the LORD for his sin which he hath done: and the sin which he hath done shall be forgiven him.
and the sin
4:20,26
Verse 23

And when ye shall come into the land, and shall have planted all manner of trees for food, then ye shall count the fruit thereof as uncircumcised: three years shall it be as uncircumcised unto you: it shall not be eaten of.
And when
14:34
uncircumcised
12:3, 22:27, Exodus 6:12,30, 22:29,30, Jeremiah 6:10, 9:25,26, Acts 7:51
Verse 24

But in the fourth year all the fruit thereof shall be holy to praise the LORD withal.
all the
Numbers 18:12,13, Deuteronomy 12:17,18, 14:28,29, 18:4, Proverbs 3:9
holy to praise the Lord withal
Heb. holiness of praises to the Lord.
Verse 25

And in the fifth year shall ye eat of the fruit thereof, that it may yield unto you the increase thereof: I am the LORD your God.
26:3,4, Proverbs 3:9,10, Ecclesiastes 11:1,2, Haggai 1:4-6,9-11, 2:18,19, Malachi 3:8-10
Verse 26

Ye shall not eat any thing with the blood: neither shall ye use enchantment, nor observe times.
with the blood
3:17, 7:26, 17:10-14, Deuteronomy 12:23
use
Exodus 7:11, 8:7, 1 Samuel 15:23, Jeremiah 10:2, Daniel 2:10, Malachi 3:5
nor
Deuteronomy 18:10-14, 2 Kings 17:17, 21:6, 2 Chronicles 33:6
Verse 27

Ye shall not round the corners of your heads, neither shalt thou mar the corners of thy beard.
21:5, Isaiah 15:2, Jeremiah 16:6, 48:37, Ezekiel 7:18, 44:20
Verse 28

Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor print any marks upon you: I am the LORD.
cuttings
21:5, Deuteronomy 14:1, 1 Kings 18:28, Jeremiah 16:6, 48:37, Mark 5:5
print
Revelation 13:16,17, 14:9,11, 15:2, 16:2, 19:20, 20:4
Verse 29

Do not prostitute thy daughter, to cause her to be a whore; lest the land fall to whoredom, and the land become full of wickedness.
prostitute
Heb. profane. to cause.
21:7, Deuteronomy 23:17, Hosea 4:12-14, 1 Corinthians 6:15
Verse 30

Ye shall keep my sabbaths, and reverence my sanctuary: I am the LORD.
keep
3, 26:2
reverence
10:3, 15:31, 16:2, Genesis 28:16,17, 2 Chronicles 33:7, 36:14, Psalms 89:7, Ecclesiastes 5:1, Ezekiel 9:6, Matthew 21:13, John 2:15,16, 2 Corinthians 6:16, 1 Peter 4:17
Verse 31

Regard not them that have familiar spirits, neither seek after wizards, to be defiled by them: I am the LORD your God.
26, 20:6,7,27, Exodus 22:18, Deuteronomy 18:10-14, 1 Samuel 28:3,7-9, 2 Kings 17:17, 2 Kings 21:6, 1 Chronicles 10:13, 2 Chronicles 33:6, Isaiah 8:19, 29:4, 47:13, Acts 8:11, Acts 13:6-8, 16:16-18, 19:19,20, Galatians 5:20, Revelation 21:8
Verse 32

Thou shalt rise up before the hoary head, and honour the face of the old man, and fear thy God: I am the LORD.
14, 1 Kings 2:19, Job 32:4,6, Proverbs 16:31, 20:29, Isaiah 3:5, Lamentations 5:12, Romans 13:7, 1 Timothy 5:1, 1 Peter 2:17
Verse 33

And if a stranger sojourn with thee in your land, ye shall not vex him.
And if
Exodus 22:21, 23:9, Deuteronomy 10:18,19, 24:14, Malachi 3:5
vex him
or, oppress him.
Jeremiah 7:6, Ezekiel 22:7,29
Verse 34

But the stranger that dwelleth with you shall be unto you as one born among you, and thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God.
18, Exodus 12:48,49, Deuteronomy 10:19, Matthew 5:43
Verse 35

Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment, in meteyard, in weight, or in measure.
no unrighteousness
in meteyard
Deuteronomy 25:13,15, Proverbs 11:1, 16:11, 20:10, Ezekiel 22:12,13, Amos 8:5,6, Micah 6:1, Matthew 7:2
Verse 36

Just balances, just weights, a just ephah, and a just hin, shall ye have: I am the LORD your God, which brought you out of the land of Egypt.
Just balances
Proverbs 11:1
weights
Heb. stones. I am. See on
Exodus 20:2
Verse 37

Therefore shall ye observe all my statutes, and all my judgments, and do them: I am the LORD.
18:4,5, Deuteronomy 4:1,2,5,6, 5:1, 6:1,2, 8:1, Psalms 119:4,34, 1 John 3:22,23

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