Bible Commentaries

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Leviticus 5

Introduction

1  He that sins in concealing his knowledge;
2  in touching an unclean thing;
4  or in making an oath.
6  His trespass offering, of the flock;
7  of fowls;
11  or of flour.
14  The trespass offering in sacrilege;
17  and in sins of ignorance.
Verse 1

And if a soul sin, and hear the voice of swearing, and is a witness, whether he hath seen or known of it; if he do not utter it, then he shall bear his iniquity.
a soul
15,17, 4:2, Ezekiel 18:4,20
hear
Exodus 22:11, Judges 17:2, 1 Kings 8:31, 22:16, 2 Chronicles 18:15, Proverbs 29:24, 30:9, Matthew 26:63
the voice of swearing
Kol alah, rather, "the voice of adjuration," [phónén orkismou] as the LXX. render; for this does not relate to the duty of informing against a common swearer, but to the case of a person who, being adjured by the civil magistrate to answer upon oath, refuses to declare what he knows upon the subject--such an one shall bear his iniquity--shall be considered as guilty in the sight of God of the transgression which he has endeavoured to conceal, and must expect to be punished for hiding the iniquity with which he was acquainted.
bear
17, 7:18, 17:16, 19:8, 20:17, Numbers 9:13, Psalms 38:4, Isaiah 53:11, 1 Peter 2:24
Verse 2

Or if a soul touch any unclean thing, whether it be a carcase of an unclean beast, or a carcase of unclean cattle, or the carcase of unclean creeping things, and if it be hidden from him; he also shall be unclean, and guilty.
touch
7:21, 11:24,28,31,39, Numbers 19:11-16, Deuteronomy 14:8, Isaiah 52:11, Haggai 2:13, 2 Corinthians 6:17
hidden
4,17, Psalms 19:12, Luke 11:44
and guilty
17, 4:13
Verse 3

Or if he touch the uncleanness of man, whatsoever uncleanness it be that a man shall be defiled withal, and it be hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty.
the uncleanness
12:1-13, 15:1-33, 22:4-6, Numbers 19:11-16
Verse 4

Or if a soul swear, pronouncing with his lips to do evil, or to do good, whatsoever it be that a man shall pronounce with an oath, and it be hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty in one of these.
if a soul
This relates to rash oaths or vows, which a man was afterwards unable, or which it would have been sinful, to perform.
to do evil
27:2-34, Joshua 2:14, 9:15, Judges 9:19, 11:31, 21:7,18, 1 Samuel 1:11, 1 Samuel 14:24-28, 24:21,22, 25:22, 2 Samuel 21:7, 2 Kings 6:31, Psalms 132:2-5, Ecclesiastes 5:2-6, Ezekiel 17:18,19, Matthew 14:7,9, Mark 6:23, Acts 23:12
Verse 5

And it shall be, when he shall be guilty in one of these things, that he shall confess that he hath sinned in that thing:
confess
16:21, 26:40, Numbers 5:7, Joshua 7:19, Ezra 10:11,12, Job 33:27, Psalms 32:5, Proverbs 28:13, Jeremiah 3:13, Daniel 9:4, Romans 10:10, 1 John 1:8-10
Verse 6

And he shall bring his trespass offering unto the LORD for his sin which he hath sinned, a female from the flock, a lamb or a kid of the goats, for a sin offering; and the priest shall make an atonement for him concerning his sin.
trespass offering
It is remarkable, that in this and the following verse, the sacrifice offered is indifferently called asham, a trespass offering, and chattath, a sin offering; yet the Marginal References show that these differ in several respects. Sin offerings were sometimes offered for the whole congregation; trespass offerings never, but only for particular persons. Bullocks were sometimes used for sin offerings, never for trespass offerings. The blood of the sin offerings was put on the horns of the altar, that of the trespass offerings was only sprinkled round the bottom of the altar. The sin offering seems to have been for the expiation of offences committed in matters of religion, from a mistake or inadvertency respecting the law; but the trespass offering was required for the casual deviations from the ritual law, when well known, or for crimes against moral precepts, implying injustice to man.
4:28,32, 6:6, 7:1-7, 14:12,13, 19:21,22, Numbers 6:12, Ezekiel 40:39, 42:13
a female
4:28,32
the priest
4:20
Verse 7

And if he be not able to bring a lamb, then he shall bring for his trespass, which he hath committed, two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, unto the LORD; one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering.
he be not able to bring a lamb
Heb. his hand cannot reach to the sufficiency of a lamb.
11, 12:8, 14:21, 2 Corinthians 8:12, James 2:5,6
two turtle-doves
1:14,15, Matthew 3:16, 10:16, Luke 2:24
one
8,9, 9:3, 14:22,31, 15:14,15,30, 16:5, Hebrews 10:6-10
Verse 8

And he shall bring them unto the priest, who shall offer that which is for the sin offering first, and wring off his head from his neck, but shall not divide it asunder:
wring off
1:15, Romans 4:25, 1 Peter 3:18
Verse 9

And he shall sprinkle of the blood of the sin offering upon the side of the altar; and the rest of the blood shall be wrung out at the bottom of the altar: it is a sin offering.
sprinkle
1:5, 4:25,30,34, 7:2, Exodus 12:22,23, Isaiah 42:21, Hebrews 2:10, 12:24
the rest
4:7,18,25,30,34
Verse 10

And he shall offer the second for a burnt offering, according to the manner: and the priest shall make an atonement for him for his sin which he hath sinned, and it shall be forgiven him.
offer
1:14-17, Ephesians 5:2
manner
or, ordinance.
1:14-17
make
6,13,16, 4:20,26,31,35, Romans 5:11, 1 John 2:2
it
James 5:15
Verse 11

But if he be not able to bring two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, then he that sinned shall bring for his offering the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for a sin offering; he shall put no oil upon it, neither shall he put any frankincense thereon: for it is a sin offering.
But if
the tenth part
Exodus 16:18,36
fine flour
2:1, Numbers 7:13,19-89, 15:4-9
no oil
2:1,2,4,5,15,16, Numbers 5:15, Psalms 22:1-21, 69:1-21, Isaiah 53:2-10
for it is
6,9,12, 2 Corinthians 5:21
Verse 12

Then shall he bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take his handful of it, even a memorial thereof, and burn it on the altar, according to the offerings made by fire unto the LORD: it is a sin offering.
a memorial
2:2,9,16, 6:15, Numbers 5:26, Acts 10:4, Ephesians 5:2
according
1:9,13,17, 2:9, 3:4,11, 4:35
Verse 13

And the priest shall make an atonement for him as touching his sin that he hath sinned in one of these, and it shall be forgiven him: and the remnant shall be the priest's, as a meat offering.
the priest
6, 4:20,26,31
shall be
2:3,10, 7:6, 1 Samuel 2:28, Hosea 4:8, 1 Corinthians 9:13
Verse 15

If a soul commit a trespass, and sin through ignorance, in the holy things of the LORD; then he shall bring for his trespass unto the LORD a ram without blemish out of the flocks, with thy estimation by shekels of silver, after the shekel of the sanctuary, for a trespass offering:
a soul
1,2, 4:2
in the
16, 7:1,6, 10:17,18, 22:1-16, 24:5-9, 27:9-33, Numbers 18:9-32, Deuteronomy 12:5-12,26, 15:19,20, 26:1-15
ram
18, 6:6, Ezra 10:19
thy estimation
26:2-8,12,13,17,18,23-27
the shekel
27:25, Exodus 30:13
Verse 16

And he shall make amends for the harm that he hath done in the holy thing, and shall add the fifth part thereto, and give it unto the priest: and the priest shall make an atonement for him with the ram of the trespass offering, and it shall be forgiven him.
make
22:14, Exodus 22:1,3,4, Psalms 69:4, Luke 19:8, Acts 26:20
the fifth
6:4,5, 27:13,15,27,31, Numbers 5:7
and the priest
6,10,13, 4:26, Hebrews 9:13,14, 1 John 2:1,2
Verse 17

And if a soul sin, and commit any of these things which are forbidden to be done by the commandments of the LORD; though he wist it not, yet is he guilty, and shall bear his iniquity.
a soul sin
This case is supposed to differ from the preceding, merely in that the person concerned was not certain whether he had or had not committed the trespass. It is therefore called by the Hebrews a doubtful trespass offering.
1, 4:2-4,13,22,27
though
15, Psalms 19:12, Luke 12:48, Romans 14:23
yet is he
1,2, 4:2,13,27
Verse 18

And he shall bring a ram without blemish out of the flock, with thy estimation, for a trespass offering, unto the priest: and the priest shall make an atonement for him concerning his ignorance wherein he erred and wist it not, and it shall be forgiven him.
And he
15,16
for a trespass
6:6, 1 Timothy 2:5,6
and the priest
16, 1:4, 4:20, 6:7
Verse 19

It is a trespass offering: he hath certainly trespassed against the LORD.
trespassed
Ezra 10:2, Psalms 51:4, Malachi 3:8, 2 Corinthians 5:19-21

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