Bible Commentaries

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Luke 20

Introduction

1  Christ avouches his authority by a question of John's baptism.
9  The parable of the vineyard.
19  Of giving tribute to Caesar.
27  He convinces the Sadducees, that denied the resurrection.
41  How Christ is the Son of David.
45  He warns his disciples to beware of the scribes.
Verse 1

And it came to pass, that on one of those days, as he taught the people in the temple, and preached the gospel, the chief priests and the scribes came upon him with the elders,
that
19:47,48, Mark 11:27, John 18:20
the chief
1 Chronicles 24:1-31
Verses 1-8

And it came to pass, that on one of those days, as he taught the people in the temple, and preached the gospel, the chief priests and the scribes came upon him with the elders,
that
19:47,48, Mark 11:27, John 18:20
the chief
1 Chronicles 24:1-31
Verse 2

And spake unto him, saying, Tell us, by what authority doest thou these things? or who is he that gave thee this authority?
Tell
19:35-40,45,46, Matthew 21:23-27, Mark 11:28-33
who
Exodus 2:14, John 2:18, 5:22-27, Acts 4:7-10, 7:27,35-39,51
Verse 3

And he answered and said unto them, I will also ask you one thing; and answer me:
I will
22:68, Matthew 15:2,3, Colossians 4:6
Verse 4

The baptism of John, was it from heaven, or of men?
baptism
7:28-35, Matthew 11:7-19, 17:11,12, 21:25-32, John 1:6,19-28
from
15:18, Daniel 4:25,26
Verse 5

And they reasoned with themselves, saying, If we shall say, From heaven; he will say, Why then believed ye him not?
Why
John 1:15-18,30,34, 3:26,36, 3:26,36, 5:33-35, Acts 13:25
Verse 6

But and if we say, Of men; all the people will stone us: for they be persuaded that John was a prophet.
all
Matthew 21:26,46, 26:5, Mark 12:12, Acts 5:26
for
1:76, 7:26-29, Matthew 14:5, 21:26, John 10:41
Verse 7

And they answered, that they could not tell whence it was.
that
Isaiah 6:9,10, 26:11, 29:9-12,14, 41:28, 42:19,20, 44:18, Jeremiah 8:7-9, Zechariah 11:15,17, Malachi 2:7-9, John 3:19,20, 9:39, 2 Thessalonians 2:10-12, 2 Timothy 3:8,9, 2 Peter 3:3
Verse 8

And Jesus said unto them, Neither tell I you by what authority I do these things.
22:68, Job 5:12,13, Proverbs 26:4,5, Matthew 15:14, 16:4, 21:27, Mark 11:33
Verse 9

Then began he to speak to the people this parable; A certain man planted a vineyard, and let it forth to husbandmen, and went into a far country for a long time.
this
Matthew 21:33-46, Mark 12:1-12
planted
Psalms 80:8-14, Isaiah 5:1-7, Jeremiah 2:21, John 15:1-8, 1 Corinthians 3:6-9
and let
Song of Solomon 8:11,12
husbandman
Deuteronomy 1:15-18, 16:18, 17:8-15
went
19:12
Verses 9-19

Then began he to speak to the people this parable; A certain man planted a vineyard, and let it forth to husbandmen, and went into a far country for a long time.
this
Matthew 21:33-46, Mark 12:1-12
planted
Psalms 80:8-14, Isaiah 5:1-7, Jeremiah 2:21, John 15:1-8, 1 Corinthians 3:6-9
and let
Song of Solomon 8:11,12
husbandman
Deuteronomy 1:15-18, 16:18, 17:8-15
went
19:12
Verse 10

And at the season he sent a servant to the husbandmen, that they should give him of the fruit of the vineyard: but the husbandmen beat him, and sent him away empty.
the season
Psalms 1:3, Jeremiah 5:24, Matthew 21:34-36, Mark 12:2-5
sent
Judges 6:8-10, 2 Kings 17:13, 2 Chronicles 36:15,16, Nehemiah 9:30, Jeremiah 25:3-7, 26:2-6, Jeremiah 35:15, 44:4,5, Hosea 6:4-6, Zechariah 1:3-6, 7:9-13, John 15:16, Romans 7:4
beat
11:47-50, 13:34, 1 Kings 22:24, 2 Chronicles 16:10, 24:19-21, Nehemiah 9:26, Jeremiah 2:30, Jeremiah 20:2, 26:20-24, 29:26,27, 37:15,16, 38:4-6
Verse 11

And again he sent another servant: and they beat him also, and entreated him shamefully, and sent him away empty.
entreated
Matthew 23:30-37, Acts 7:52, 1 Thessalonians 2:2, Hebrews 11:36,37
and sent
Hosea 10:1
Verse 13

Then said the lord of the vineyard, What shall I do? I will send my beloved son: it may be they will reverence him when they see him.
What
Isaiah 5:4, Hosea 6:4, 11:8
I will
9:35, Matthew 3:17, 17:5, John 1:34, 3:16,17,35,36, Romans 8:3, Galatians 4:4, 1 John 4:9-15
it may
Jeremiah 36:3,7
Verse 14

But when the husbandmen saw him, they reasoned among themselves, saying, This is the heir: come, let us kill him, that the inheritance may be ours.
reasoned
5, Matthew 16:7, 21:25
the heir
Psalms 2:1-6,8, 89:27, Matthew 2:2-16, Romans 8:17, Hebrews 1:2
let
19, 19:47, 22:2, Genesis 37:18-20, Matthew 27:21-25, John 11:47-50, Acts 2:23, Acts 3:15
Verse 15

So they cast him out of the vineyard, and killed him. What therefore shall the lord of the vineyard do unto them?
they
Hebrews 13:12
What
Matthew 21:37-40, Mark 12:6-9
Verse 16

He shall come and destroy these husbandmen, and shall give the vineyard to others. And when they heard it, they said, God forbid.
destroy
19:27, Psalms 2:8,9, 21:8-10, Matthew 21:41, 22:7, Acts 13:46
shall give
Nehemiah 9:36,37
Verse 17

And he beheld them, and said, What is this then that is written, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner?
beheld
19:41, 22:61, Mark 3:5, 10:23
What
22:37, 24:44, John 15:25
The stone
Psalms 118:22, Isaiah 28:16, Zechariah 3:9, Matthew 21:42, Mark 12:10, Acts 4:11, 1 Peter 2:7,8
Verse 18

Whosoever shall fall upon that stone shall be broken; but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder.
shall fall
This is an allusion to the Jewish mode of stoning. "The place of stoning was twice as high as a man. From the top of this one of the witnesses struck the culprit on the loins, and felled him to the ground: if he died of this, well; if not, the other witness threw a stone upon his heart," etc. Our Lord seems to refer not only to the dreadful crushing of the Jews by the Romans, but also to their general dispersion to the present day.
Isaiah 8:14,15, Daniel 2:34,35,44,45, Zechariah 12:3, Matthew 21:34, 1 Thessalonians 2:16
Verse 19

And the chief priests and the scribes the same hour sought to lay hands on him; and they feared the people: for they perceived that he had spoken this parable against them.
the same
14, 19:47,48, Matthew 21:45,46, 26:3,4, Mark 12:12
Verse 20

And they watched him, and sent forth spies, which should feign themselves just men, that they might take hold of his words, that so they might deliver him unto the power and authority of the governor.
they watched
Psalms 37:32,33, 38:12, Isaiah 29:20,21, Jeremiah 11:19, 18:18, 20:10, Matthew 22:15,18, Mark 12:13,15
feign
2 Samuel 14:2, 1 Kings 14:2-6, Psalms 66:3, 81:15; *marg:; 2 Peter 2:3
they might deliver
Matthew 27:2, John 18:28-32
Verses 20-26

And they watched him, and sent forth spies, which should feign themselves just men, that they might take hold of his words, that so they might deliver him unto the power and authority of the governor.
they watched
Psalms 37:32,33, 38:12, Isaiah 29:20,21, Jeremiah 11:19, 18:18, 20:10, Matthew 22:15,18, Mark 12:13,15
feign
2 Samuel 14:2, 1 Kings 14:2-6, Psalms 66:3, 81:15; *marg:; 2 Peter 2:3
they might deliver
Matthew 27:2, John 18:28-32
Verse 21

And they asked him, saying, Master, we know that thou sayest and teachest rightly, neither acceptest thou the person of any, but teachest the way of God truly:
Master
Psalms 12:2, 55:21, Jeremiah 42:2,3, Matthew 22:16, 26:49,50, Mark 12:14, John 3:2
sayest
2 Corinthians 2:17, Galatians 1:10, 1 Thessalonians 2:4,5
acceptest
2 Chronicles 19:7, Job 34:19, Acts 10:34,35, Galatians 2:6
truly
or, of a truth.
Verse 22

Is it lawful for us to give tribute unto Caesar, or no?
Deuteronomy 17:15, Ezra 4:13,19-22, 9:7, Nehemiah 5:4, 9:37, Matthew 22:17-21, Mark 12:14-17, Acts 5:37
Verse 23

But he perceived their craftiness, and said unto them, Why tempt ye me?
he
5:22, 6:8, 11:17, John 2:24,25, 1 Corinthians 3:19, Hebrews 4:13
Why
20, 11:16,53,54, Psalms 95:9, Matthew 16:1, 22:18, 1 Corinthians 10:9
Verse 24

Shew me a penny. Whose image and superscription hath it? They answered and said, Caesar's.
a penny
See
Matthew 18:28, 20:2
image
This was the head of the emperor; the superscription his titles. Julius Cæsar was the first who caused his image to be struck on the Roman coin; and Tiberius was emperor at this time. This therefore was a denarius of Cæsar, [dinarah kesar-anah] as it is termed in the Talmud; and consequently this was respecting the tribute required by the Roman government.
Cesar's
22, 2:1, 3:1, 23:2, Acts 11:28, 25:8-12, 26:32, Philippians 4:22
Verse 25

And he said unto them, Render therefore unto Caesar the things which be Caesar's, and unto God the things which be God's.
Render
Proverbs 24:21, Matthew 17:27, 22:21, Mark 12:17, Romans 13:6,7, 1 Peter 2:13-17
unto God
Acts 4:19,20, 5:29, 1 Corinthians 10:31, 1 Peter 4:11
Verse 26

And they could not take hold of his words before the people: and they marvelled at his answer, and held their peace.
they could
20,39,40, Job 5:12,13, Proverbs 26:4,5, 2 Timothy 3:8,9
and they marvelled
13:17, Matthew 22:12,22,34, Romans 3:19, Titus 1:10
Verse 27

Then came to him certain of the Sadducees, which deny that there is any resurrection; and they asked him,
the Sadducees
Matthew 16:1,6,12, 22:23-33, Mark 12:18-27, Acts 4:1,2, 5:17, 23:6-8, 1 Corinthians 15:12, 2 Timothy 2:17,18
Verses 27-40

Then came to him certain of the Sadducees, which deny that there is any resurrection; and they asked him,
the Sadducees
Matthew 16:1,6,12, 22:23-33, Mark 12:18-27, Acts 4:1,2, 5:17, 23:6-8, 1 Corinthians 15:12, 2 Timothy 2:17,18
Verse 28

Saying, Master, Moses wrote unto us, If any man's brother die, having a wife, and he die without children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up seed unto his brother.
Genesis 38:8,11,26, Deuteronomy 25:5-10, Ruth 1:11,12
Verse 29

There were therefore seven brethren: and the first took a wife, and died without children.
and died
Leviticus 20:20, Jeremiah 22:30
Verse 32

Last of all the woman died also.
died
Judges 2:10, Ecclesiastes 1:4, 9:5, Hebrews 9:27
Verse 33

Therefore in the resurrection whose wife of them is she? for seven had her to wife.
Matthew 22:24-28, Mark 12:19-23
Verse 34

And Jesus answering said unto them, The children of this world marry, and are given in marriage:
The children
16:8
marry
17:27, 1 Corinthians 7:2-16, Ephesians 5:31, Hebrews 13:4
Verse 35

But they which shall be accounted worthy to obtain that world, and the resurrection from the dead, neither marry, nor are given in marriage:
accounted
21:36, Acts 5:41, 2 Thessalonians 1:5, Revelation 3:4
to
Daniel 12:2,3, John 5:29, Acts 24:15, Hebrews 11:35
neither
Matthew 22:29, Mark 12:24
Verse 36

Neither can they die any more: for they are equal unto the angels; and are the children of God, being the children of the resurrection.
can
Isaiah 25:8, Hosea 13:14, 1 Corinthians 15:26,42,53,54, Philippians 3:21, 1 Thessalonians 4:13-17, Revelation 20:6, 21:4, 22:2-5
they are
Zechariah 3:7, Matthew 22:30, Mark 12:25, 1 Corinthians 15:49,52, Revelation 5:6-14, 7:9-12, 22:9
the children of God
Romans 8:17-23, 1 John 3:2
Verse 37

Now that the dead are raised, even Moses shewed at the bush, when he calleth the Lord the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.
even
Exodus 3:2-6, Deuteronomy 33:16, Acts 7:30-32
when
There is a remarkable passage in Josephus, which proves that the best informed among the Jews believed in the immateriality and immortality of the soul, and that the souls of righteous men were in the presence of God in a state of happiness. "They who lose their lives for the sake of God, live unto God, as do Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and the rest of the patriarchs." Not less remarkable is a passage in Shemoth Rabba, "Why doth Moses say, (Ex 32:13) Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob? R. Abin saith, The Lord said unto Moses, I look for ten men from thee, as I looked for that number in Sodom. Find me out ten righteous persons among the people, and I will not destroy thy people. Then saith Moses, Behold, here am I, and Aaron, Eleazar, and Ithamar, Phinehas, and Caleb, and Joshua; but, saith God, there are but seven: where are the other three? When Moses knew not what to do, he saith, O Eternal God, [hayim hem ha-metim] do those live who are dead? Yes, saith God. Then saith Moses, If those that are dead do live, remember Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob."
Genesis 17:7, 28:13,21, 32:9, Matthew 22:3-33, Mark 12:26,27
Verse 38

For he is not a God of the dead, but of the living: for all live unto him.
a God
Psalms 16:5-11, 22:23-26, 145:1,2, Hebrews 11:16
for all
John 6:57, 11:25,26, 14:19, Romans 6:10,11,22,23, 14:7-9, 2 Corinthians 6:16, 13:4, Colossians 3:3,4, Revelation 7:15-17, 22:1
Verse 39

Then certain of the scribes answering said, Master, thou hast well said.
thou
Matthew 22:34-40, Mark 12:28-34, Acts 23:9
Verse 40

And after that they durst not ask him any question at all.
Proverbs 26:5, Matthew 22:46, Mark 12:34
Verse 41

And he said unto them, How say they that Christ is David's son?
How
Matthew 22:41,42, Mark 12:35-37
Christ
18:38,39, Isaiah 9:6,7, 11:1,2, Jeremiah 23:5,6, 33:15,16,21, Matthew 1:1, John 7:42, Acts 2:30, Romans 1:3,4, Revelation 22:16
Verses 41-44

And he said unto them, How say they that Christ is David's son?
How
Matthew 22:41,42, Mark 12:35-37
Christ
18:38,39, Isaiah 9:6,7, 11:1,2, Jeremiah 23:5,6, 33:15,16,21, Matthew 1:1, John 7:42, Acts 2:30, Romans 1:3,4, Revelation 22:16
Verse 42

And David himself saith in the book of Psalms, The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand,
himself
24:44, 2 Samuel 23:1,2, Matthew 22:43, Mark 12:36,37, Acts 1:20, 13:33-35, Hebrews 3:7
the Lord
Psalms 110:1, Matthew 22:44,45, Acts 2:34,35, 1 Corinthians 15:25, Hebrews 1:13
Verse 43

Till I make thine enemies thy footstool.
19:27, Psalms 2:1-9, 21:8-12, 72:9, 109:4-20, 110:5,6, Revelation 19:14-21
Verse 44

David therefore calleth him Lord, how is he then his son?
how
1:31-35, 2:11, Isaiah 7:14, Matthew 1:23, Romans 9:5, Galatians 4:4, 1 Timothy 3:16, Revelation 22:16
Verse 45

Then in the audience of all the people he said unto his disciples,
Matthew 15:10, 23:1, Mark 8:34, 12:38, 1 Timothy 5:20
Verses 45-47

Then in the audience of all the people he said unto his disciples,
Matthew 15:10, 23:1, Mark 8:34, 12:38, 1 Timothy 5:20
Verse 46

Beware of the scribes, which desire to walk in long robes, and love greetings in the markets, and the highest seats in the synagogues, and the chief rooms at feasts;
Beware
12:1, Matthew 16:6, Mark 8:15, 2 Timothy 4:15
which
11:43, 14:7, Proverbs 29:23, Matthew 23:5-7, Mark 12:38,39, Romans 12:10, Philippians 2:3-5, 3 John 1:9
Verse 47

Which devour widows' houses, and for a shew make long prayers: the same shall receive greater damnation.
devour
Isaiah 10:2, Jeremiah 7:6-10, Ezekiel 22:7, Amos 2:7, 8:4-6, Micah 2:2,8, 3:2, Matthew 23:14, Mark 12:40, 2 Timothy 3:6
for
12:1, Ezekiel 33:31, Matthew 23:26-28, 1 Thessalonians 2:5, 2 Timothy 3:2-5, Titus 1:16
the same
10:12-14, 12:47,48, Matthew 11:22-24, James 3:1

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