Bible Commentaries

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Genesis 19

Introduction

1  Lot entertains two angels.
4  The vicious Sodomites are smitten with blindness.
12  Lot is warned, and in vain warns his sons-in-law.
15  He is directed to flee with his family to the mountains, but obtains leave to go into Zoar.
24  Sodom and Gomorrah are destroyed.
26  Lot's wife becomes a pillar of salt.
29  Lot dwells in a cave.
31  The incestuous origin of Moab and Ammon.
Verse 1

And there came two angels to Sodom at even; and Lot sat in the gate of Sodom: and Lot seeing them rose up to meet them; and he bowed himself with his face toward the ground;
18:1-3,22
rose
18:1-5, Job 31:32, Hebrews 13:2
bowed
18:2
Verse 2

And he said, Behold now, my lords, turn in, I pray you, into your servant's house, and tarry all night, and wash your feet, and ye shall rise up early, and go on your ways. And they said, Nay; but we will abide in the street all night.
turn
Hebrews 13:2
wash
18:4
Nay
Instead of lo, nay, some MSS. have lo, to him. "And they said unto him, for we lodge in the street;" where, nevertheless, the negation is understood. Knowing the disposition of the inhabitants, and appearing in the character of mere travellers, they preferred the open street to any house; but not yet willing to make themselves known, as Lot pressed them vehemently, and as they knew him to be a righteous man, they consented to take shelter under his hospitable roof.
Judges 19:17-21, Luke 24:28,29, Acts 16:15
Verse 3

And he pressed upon them greatly; and they turned in unto him, and entered into his house; and he made them a feast, and did bake unleavened bread, and they did eat.
pressed
2 Kings 4:8, Luke 11:8, 14:23, 24:28,29, 2 Corinthians 5:14
a feast
18:6-8, 21:8, Luke 5:29, John 12:2, Hebrews 13:2
unleavened
18:6, Exodus 12:15,39, Judges 6:19, 1 Samuel 28:24, 1 Corinthians 5:8
Verse 4

But before they lay down, the men of the city, even the men of Sodom, compassed the house round, both old and young, all the people from every quarter:
But
Proverbs 4:16, 6:18, Micah 7:3, Romans 3:15
all
13:13, 18:20, Exodus 16:2, 23:2, Jeremiah 5:1-6,31, Matthew 27:20-25
Verse 5

And they called unto Lot, and said unto him, Where are the men which came in to thee this night? bring them out unto us, that we may know them.
Leviticus 18:22, 20:13, Judges 19:22, Isaiah 1:9, 3:9, Jeremiah 3:3, 6:15, Ezekiel 16:49,51, Matthew 11:23,24, Romans 1:23,24,26,27, 1 Corinthians 6:9, 1 Timothy 1:10, 2 Timothy 3:13, Jude 1:7
Verse 6

And Lot went out at the door unto them, and shut the door after him,
Lot
Judges 19:23
door
Two words are here used for door: the first pethach, which is the door-way, at which Lot went out; the latter, deleth, the leaf of the door, which he shut after him when out.
Verse 7

And said, I pray you, brethren, do not so wickedly.
4, Leviticus 18:22, 20:13, Deuteronomy 23:17, Judges 19:23, 1 Samuel 30:23,24, Acts 17:26, Romans 1:24, 1 Corinthians 6:9-11, Jude 1:7
Verse 8

Behold now, I have two daughters which have not known man; let me, I pray you, bring them out unto you, and do ye to them as is good in your eyes: only unto these men do nothing; for therefore came they under the shadow of my roof.
I have
Exodus 32:22
let
31-38, 42:37, Judges 19:24, Mark 9:6, Romans 3:8
therefore
18:5, Judges 9:15, Isaiah 58:7
Verse 9

And they said, Stand back. And they said again, This one fellow came in to sojourn, and he will needs be a judge: now will we deal worse with thee, than with them. And they pressed sore upon the man, even Lot, and came near to break the door.
Stand
1 Samuel 17:44, 25:17, Proverbs 9:7,8, Isaiah 65:5, Jeremiah 3:3, 6:15, 8:12, Matthew 7:6
This
13:12, Exodus 2:14, Acts 7:26-28, 2 Peter 2:7,8
pressed
11:6, 1 Samuel 2:16, Proverbs 14:16, 17:12, 27:3, Ecclesiastes 9:3, 10:13, Daniel 3:19-22
Verse 11

And they smote the men that were at the door of the house with blindness, both small and great: so that they wearied themselves to find the door.
with blindness
The word sanverim, rendered "blindness," and which occurs only here, and in 2 Ki 6:18, is supposed to denote dazzlings, deceptions, or confusions of sight from excessive light; being derived by Schultens, who is followed by Parkhurst, from the Arabic sana, to pour forth, diffuse, and nor, light. Dr. Geddes, to the same purpose, thinks it is compounded of the Arabic sana, which signifies a flash, and or, light. The Targums, in both places where it occurs, render it by eruptions, or flashes of light, or as Mercer, in Robertson, explains the Chaldee word, irradiations.
2 Kings 6:18, Acts 13:11
that they
Ecclesiastes 10:15, Isaiah 57:10, Jeremiah 2:36
Verse 12

And the men said unto Lot, Hast thou here any besides? son in law, and thy sons, and thy daughters, and whatsoever thou hast in the city, bring them out of this place:
Hast
7:1, Numbers 16:26, Joshua 6:22,23, Jeremiah 32:39, 2 Peter 2:7,9
son
14,17,22, Revelation 18:4
Verse 13

For we will destroy this place, because the cry of them is waxen great before the face of the LORD; and the LORD hath sent us to destroy it.
cry
13:13, 18:20, James 5:4
Lord hath
1 Chronicles 21:15,16, Psalms 11:5,6, Isaiah 3:11, 36:10, 37:36, Ezekiel 9:5,6, Matthew 13:41,42,49,50, Acts 12:23, Romans 3:8,9, Jude 1:7, Revelation 16:1-12
Verse 14

And Lot went out, and spake unto his sons in law, which married his daughters, and said, Up, get you out of this place; for the LORD will destroy this city. But he seemed as one that mocked unto his sons in law.
which
Matthew 1:18
Up
17,22, Numbers 16:21,26,45, Jeremiah 51:6, Luke 9:42, Revelation 18:4-8
as one
Exodus 9:21, 12:31, 2 Chronicles 30:10, 36:16, Proverbs 29:1, Isaiah 28:22, Jeremiah 5:12-14, Jeremiah 20:7, Ezekiel 20:49, Matthew 9:24, Luke 17:28-30, 24:11, Acts 17:32, 1 Thessalonians 5:3
Verse 15

And when the morning arose, then the angels hastened Lot, saying, Arise, take thy wife, and thy two daughters, which are here; lest thou be consumed in the iniquity of the city.
hastened
17,22, Numbers 16:24-27, Proverbs 6:4,5, Luke 13:24,25, 2 Corinthians 6:2, Hebrews 3:7,8, Revelation 18:4
are here
Heb. are found. iniquity. or, punishment.
Verse 16

And while he lingered, the men laid hold upon his hand, and upon the hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters; the LORD being merciful unto him: and they brought him forth, and set him without the city.
lingered
Psalms 119:60, John 6:44
the Lord
Exodus 34:6, Numbers 14:18, Deuteronomy 4:31, 1 Chronicles 16:34, Psalms 34:12, 86:5,15, 103:8-10, Psalms 103:13, 106:1,8, 107:1, 111:4, 118:1, 136:1, Isaiah 63:9, Lamentations 3:22, Micah 7:18,19, Luke 6:35,36, 18:13, Romans 9:15,16,18, 2 Corinthians 1:3, Ephesians 2:4,5, Titus 3:5
brought
Joshua 6:22, 2 Peter 2:9
Verse 17

And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that he said, Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the plain; escape to the mountain, lest thou be consumed.
he said
18:22
Escape
14,15,22, 1 Samuel 19:11, 1 Kings 19:3, Psalms 121:1, Matthew 3:7, 24:16-18, Hebrews 2:3
look
26, Luke 9:62, 17:31,32, Philippians 3:13,14
Verse 18

And Lot said unto them, Oh, not so, my Lord:
32:26, 2 Kings 5:11,12, Isaiah 45:11, John 13:6-8, Acts 9:13, 10:14
Verse 19

Behold now, thy servant hath found grace in thy sight, and thou hast magnified thy mercy, which thou hast shewed unto me in saving my life; and I cannot escape to the mountain, lest some evil take me, and I die:
and thou
Psalms 18:1-50, 40:1-17, 103:1-22, 106:1-107, 116:1-19, 1 Timothy 1:14-16
lest some
12:13, Deuteronomy 31:17, 1 Samuel 27:1, 1 Kings 9:9, Psalms 77:7-11, 116:11, Matthew 8:25,26, Mark 9:19, Romans 8:31
Verse 20

Behold now, this city is near to flee unto, and it is a little one: Oh, let me escape thither, (is it not a little one?) and my soul shall live.
this
30, Proverbs 3:5-7, Amos 3:6
and my
12:13, Psalms 119:175, Isaiah 55:3
Verse 21

And he said unto him, See, I have accepted thee concerning this thing also, that I will not overthrow this city, for the which thou hast spoken.
See, I
4:7, Job 42:8,9, Psalms 34:15, 102:17, 145:19, Jeremiah 14:10, Matthew 12:20, Luke 11:8, Hebrews 2:17, 4:15,16
thee
Heb. thy face. that.
12:2, 18:24
Verse 22

Haste thee, escape thither; for I cannot do any thing till thou be come thither. Therefore the name of the city was called Zoar.
for
32:25-28, Exodus 32:10, Deuteronomy 9:14, Psalms 91:1-10, Isaiah 65:8, Mark 6:5, 2 Timothy 2:13, Titus 1:2
called
13:10, 14:2, Isaiah 15:5, Jeremiah 48:34
Zoar
i.e., little.
Verse 23

The sun was risen upon the earth when Lot entered into Zoar.
risen
Heb. gone forth.
Verse 24

Then the LORD rained upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the LORD out of heaven;
the Lord
Deuteronomy 29:23, Job 18:15, Psalms 11:6, Isaiah 1:9, 13:19, Jeremiah 20:16, 49:18, 50:40, Lamentations 4:6, Ezekiel 16:49,50, Hosea 11:8, Amos 4:11, Zephaniah 2:9, Matthew 11:23,24, Luke 17:28,29, 2 Peter 2:6, Jude 1:7
brimstone
The word rendered "brimstone," (q.d. brennestone, or brinnestone, id est burning-stone,) is always rendered by the LXX. "sulphur," and seems to denote a meteorous inflammable matter.
Verse 25

And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.
13:10, 14:3, Psalms 107:34
Verse 26

But his wife looked back from behind him, and she became a pillar of salt.
looked
This unhappy woman, says the Rev. T. Scott, "looked back," contrary to God's express command, perhaps with a hope of returning, which latter supposition is favoured by our Lord's words, "Let him not return back: remember Lot's wife." She was, therefore, instantaneously struck dead and petrified, and thus remained to after ages a visible monument of the Divine displeasure.
17, Proverbs 14:14, Luke 17:31,32, Hebrews 10:38
and
Numbers 16:38
Verse 27

And Abraham gat up early in the morning to the place where he stood before the LORD:
early
Psalms 5:3
to the
18:22-33, Ezekiel 16:49,50, Habakkuk 2:1, Hebrews 2:1
Verse 28

And he looked toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the plain, and beheld, and, lo, the smoke of the country went up as the smoke of a furnace.
Psalms 107:34, 2 Peter 2:7, Jude 1:7, Revelation 14:10,11, 18:9,18, 19:3, 21:8
Verse 29

And it came to pass, when God destroyed the cities of the plain, that God remembered Abraham, and sent Lot out of the midst of the overthrow, when he overthrew the cities in the which Lot dwelt.
that God
8:1, 12:2, 18:23-33, 30:22, Deuteronomy 9:5, Nehemiah 13:14,22, Psalms 25:7, 105:8,42, Psalms 106:4, 136:23, 145:20, Ezekiel 36:31,32, Hosea 11:8
Verse 30

And Lot went up out of Zoar, and dwelt in the mountain, and his two daughters with him; for he feared to dwell in Zoar: and he dwelt in a cave, he and his two daughters.
Lot
for he
49:4, Jeremiah 2:36,37, James 1:8
Zoar
13:10, 14:22, Deuteronomy 34:3, Isaiah 15:5, Jeremiah 48:34
Verse 31

And the firstborn said unto the younger, Our father is old, and there is not a man in the earth to come in unto us after the manner of all the earth:
not
28, Mark 9:6
to come
4:1, 6:4, 16:2,4, 38:8,9,14-30, Deuteronomy 25:5, Isaiah 4:1
Verse 32

Come, let us make our father drink wine, and we will lie with him, that we may preserve seed of our father.
Come
11:3
drink
9:21, Proverbs 23:31-33, Habakkuk 2:15,16
seed
Leviticus 18:6,7, Mark 12:19
Verse 33

And they made their father drink wine that night: and the firstborn went in, and lay with her father; and he perceived not when she lay down, nor when she arose.
drink
Leviticus 18:6,7, Proverbs 20:1, 23:29-35, Habakkuk 2:15,16
Verse 34

And it came to pass on the morrow, that the firstborn said unto the younger, Behold, I lay yesternight with my father: let us make him drink wine this night also; and go thou in, and lie with him, that we may preserve seed of our father.
Isaiah 3:9, Jeremiah 3:3, 5:3, 6:15, 8:12
Verse 35

And they made their father drink wine that night also: and the younger arose, and lay with him; and he perceived not when she lay down, nor when she arose.
Psalms 8:4, Proverbs 24:16, Ecclesiastes 7:26, Luke 21:34, 1 Corinthians 10:11,12, 1 Peter 4:7
Verse 36

Thus were both the daughters of Lot with child by their father.
8, Leviticus 18:6,7, Judges 1:7, 1 Samuel 15:33, Habakkuk 2:15, Matthew 7:2
Verse 37

And the firstborn bare a son, and called his name Moab: the same is the father of the Moabites unto this day.
A. M. 2108. B.C. 1896. Moab. This name is generally interpreted of the father; from {mo,} of, and {av,} a father
Moabites
Numbers 21:29, 22:1-41, 24:1-25, Deuteronomy 2:9,19, 23:3, Judges 3:1-31, Ruth 4:10, 2 Samuel 8:1-18, 2 Kings 3:1-27
Verse 38

And the younger, she also bare a son, and called his name Benammi: the same is the father of the children of Ammon unto this day.
Ben-ammi
i.e., Son of my people, from ben, a son, and ammi, my people.
children
Deuteronomy 2:9,19, 23:3, Judges 10:6-18, 11:1-40, 1 Samuel 11:1-15, 2 Samuel 10:1-19, Nehemiah 13:1-3,23-28, Psalms 83:4-8, Isaiah 11:14, Zephaniah 2:9

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