Bible Commentaries

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Romans 11

Introduction

1  God has not cast off all Israel.
7  Some were elected, though the rest were hardened.
16  There is hope of their conversion.
18  The Gentiles may not exult over them;
26  for there is a promise of their salvation.
33  God's judgments are unsearchable.
Verse 1

I say then, Hath God cast away his people? God forbid. For I also am an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin.
Hath God
1 Samuel 12:22, 2 Kings 23:27, Psalms 77:7, 89:31-37, 94:14, Jeremiah 31:36,37, Jeremiah 33:24-26, Hosea 9:17, Amos 9:8,9
God forbid
3:4
For I also
9:3, Acts 22:3, 26:4, 2 Corinthians 11:22, Philippians 3:5
Verse 2

God hath not cast away his people which he foreknew. Wot ye not what the scripture saith of Elias? how he maketh intercession to God against Israel, saying,
which he foreknew
8:29,30, 9:6,23, Acts 13:48, 15:18, 1 Peter 1:2
Wot
Genesis 44:15, Exodus 32:1, Acts 3:17, 7:40, Philippians 1:22
of Elias? Gr
in Elias? Or, by Elias; [en] corresponding to the Hebrew [bet] not infrequently having this signification.
Nehemiah 9:30, Luke 4:1, 1 Corinthians 6:2, Hebrews 1:1
how he maketh
Or "how he addresses God respecting Israel;" [?] having frequently this meaning. (See 1 Co 15:15.)
Numbers 16:15, Jeremiah 18:19-23, John 4:1-3,11
Verse 3

Lord, they have killed thy prophets, and digged down thine altars; and I am left alone, and they seek my life.
Lord
1 Kings 18:4,13, 19:10-18, Nehemiah 9:26, Jeremiah 2:30
digged
1 Kings 18:30,31
Verse 4

But what saith the answer of God unto him? I have reserved to myself seven thousand men, who have not bowed the knee to the image of Baal.
I have reserved
1 Kings 19:18
Baal
Numbers 25:3, Deuteronomy 4:3, Judges 2:13, 1 Kings 16:31, 2 Kings 10:19,20, Jeremiah 19:5, Hosea 2:8, Hosea 13:1, Zephaniah 1:4
Verse 5

Even so then at this present time also there is a remnant according to the election of grace.
at this present
6,7, 9:27
election of grace
The election which proceeds from the mercy and goodness of God.
28, 9:11, Ephesians 1:5,6
Verse 6

And if by grace, then is it no more of works: otherwise grace is no more grace. But if it be of works, then is it no more grace: otherwise work is no more work.
And if
3:27,28, 4:4,5, 5:20,21, Deuteronomy 9:4-6, 1 Corinthians 15:10, Galatians 2:21, 5:4, Ephesians 2:4-9, 2 Timothy 1:9, Titus 3:5
otherwise work
That is, it loses its character, or nature,--that of claiming reward as a matter of right.
Verse 7

What then? Israel hath not obtained that which he seeketh for; but the election hath obtained it, and the rest were blinded
3:9, 6:15, 1 Corinthians 10:19, Philippians 1:18
Israel
9:31,32, 10:3, Proverbs 1:28, Luke 13:24, Hebrews 12:17
but the election
That is, the elect, the abstract being used for the concrete. So the Jews or the circumcised people, are called Israel, or the circumcision.
5, 8:28-30, 9:23, Ephesians 1:4, 2 Thessalonians 2:13,14, 1 Peter 1:2
and the rest
Isaiah 6:10, 44:18, Matthew 13:14,15, John 12:40, 2 Corinthians 3:14, 4:4, 2 Thessalonians 2:10-12
blinded
or, hardened.
9:18
Verse 8

(According as it is written, God hath given them the spirit of slumber, eyes that they should not see, and ears that they should not hear;) unto this day.
God
Isaiah 29:10
slumber
or, remorse. eyes.
Deuteronomy 29:4, Isaiah 6:9, Jeremiah 5:21, Ezekiel 12:2, Mark 4:11,12, Luke 8:10, Acts 28:26
unto this day
2 Kings 17:34,41, 2 Corinthians 3:14,15
Verse 9

And David saith, Let their table be made a snare, and a trap, and a stumblingblock, and a recompence unto them:
David saith
Psalms 69:22,23
their table
Deuteronomy 6:10-12, 32:13-15, 1 Samuel 25:36-38, Job 20:20-23, Proverbs 1:32, Isaiah 8:13,14, Luke 12:20, 16:19-25, 1 Timothy 6:17-19
a recompence
Deuteronomy 32:35, Psalms 28:4, Isaiah 59:18, 66:9, Hebrews 2:2
Verse 10

Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see, and bow down their back alway.
their eyes
8, 1:21, Psalms 69:23, Zechariah 11:17, Ephesians 4:18, 2 Peter 2:4,17, Jude 1:6,13
and bow
Deuteronomy 28:64-68, Isaiah 51:23, 65:12
Verse 11

I say then, Have they stumbled that they should fall? God forbid: but rather through their fall salvation is come unto the Gentiles, for to provoke them to jealousy.
Have they stumbled
Ezekiel 18:23,32, 33:11
but rather
12,31, Acts 13:42,46-48, 18:6, 22:18-21, 28:24-28
for
14, 10:19
to provoke them to jealousy
Rather "to provoke (or excite) them to emulation," [parazeloo] as it is rendered.
Verse 12

Now if the fall of them be the riches of the world, and the diminishing of them the riches of the Gentiles; how much more their fulness?
the world
15,33, 9:23, Ephesians 3:8, Colossians 1:27
diminishing
decay, or, loss. their.
25, Isaiah 11:11-16, 12:1-6, 60:1-22, 66:8-20, Micah 4:1,2, 5:7, Zechariah 2:11, Zechariah 8:20-23, Revelation 11:15-19
Verse 13

For I speak to you Gentiles, inasmuch as I am the apostle of the Gentiles, I magnify mine office:
the apostle
15:16-19, Acts 9:15, 13:2, 22:21, 26:17,18, Galatians 1:16, 2:2,7-9, Ephesians 3:8, 1 Timothy 2:7, 2 Timothy 1:11,12, I magnify mine office. Rather, "I honour my ministry," [diakonia mou
Verse 14

If by any means I may provoke to emulation them which are my flesh, and might save some of them.
by
1 Corinthians 7:16, 9:20-22, 2 Timothy 2:10
provoke
my
9:3, Philemon 1:12
might
1 Corinthians 7:16, 1 Timothy 4:16, James 5:20
Verse 15

For if the casting away of them be the reconciling of the world, what shall the receiving of them be, but life from the dead?
the casting
1,2,11,12
the reconciling
5:10, Daniel 9:24, 2 Corinthians 5:18-20, Ephesians 1:10, Colossians 1:20,21
but
Ezekiel 37:1-14, Revelation 11:11, 20:4-6
Verse 16

For if the firstfruit be holy, the lump is also holy: and if the root be holy, so are the branches.
if the first-fruit
Exodus 22:29, 23:16,19, Leviticus 23:10, Numbers 15:17-21, Deuteronomy 18:4, 26:10, Nehemiah 10:35-37, Proverbs 3:9, Ezekiel 44:30, James 1:18, Revelation 14:4
and if
17, Genesis 17:7, Jeremiah 2:21, 1 Corinthians 7:14
Verse 17

And if some of the branches be broken off, and thou, being a wild olive tree, wert graffed in among them, and with them partakest of the root and fatness of the olive tree;
some
Psalms 80:11-16, Isaiah 6:13, 27:11, Jeremiah 11:16, Ezekiel 15:6-8, Matthew 8:11,12, Matthew 21:43, John 15:6
being
Acts 2:39, Galatians 2:15, Ephesians 2:11-13, 3:6, Colossians 2:13
among them
or, for them. and with.
Deuteronomy 8:8, Judges 9:8,9, Psalms 52:8, Zechariah 4:3, Jonah 1:16, Revelation 11:4
Verse 18

Boast not against the branches. But if thou boast, thou bearest not the root, but the root thee.
Boast not
20, 3:27, 1 Kings 20:11, Proverbs 16:18, Matthew 26:33, Luke 18:9-11, 1 Corinthians 10:12
thou bearest
4:16, Zechariah 8:20-23, John 10:16, Galatians 3:29, Ephesians 2:19,20
Verse 19

Thou wilt say then, The branches were broken off, that I might be graffed in.
that
11,12,17,23,24
Verse 20

Well; because of unbelief they were broken off, and thou standest by faith. Be not highminded, but fear:
Well
John 4:17,18, James 2:19
because
3:3, Acts 13:46,47, 18:6, Hebrews 3:12,19, 4:6,11
and
5:1,2, 2 Chronicles 20:20, Isaiah 7:9, 1 Corinthians 16:13, 2 Corinthians 1:24, Colossians 2:7, 1 Peter 5:9,12
Be
18, 12:16, Psalms 138:6, Proverbs 28:26, Isaiah 2:11,17, Habakkuk 2:4, Zephaniah 3:11, Luke 18:14, 2 Corinthians 10:5, 2 Thessalonians 2:4, 2 Timothy 3:3-5, James 4:6, 1 Peter 5:5,6, Revelation 3:17, Revelation 18:7
but
Proverbs 28:14, Isaiah 66:2, 1 Corinthians 10:12, Philippians 2:12, Hebrews 4:1, 1 Peter 1:17
Verse 21

For if God spared not the natural branches, take heed lest he also spare not thee.
if God
17,19, 8:32, Jeremiah 25:29, 49:12, 1 Corinthians 10:1-12, 2 Peter 2:4-9, Jude 1:5
Verse 22

Behold therefore the goodness and severity of God: on them which fell, severity; but toward thee, goodness, if thou continue in his goodness: otherwise thou also shalt be cut off.
therefore
2:4,5, 9:22,23, Numbers 14:18-22, Deuteronomy 32:39-43, Joshua 23:15,16, Psalms 58:10,11, Psalms 78:49-52, 136:15-22, Isaiah 66:14
severity
The term severity [apotomia] from [apo] from, and [temno] to cut off, properly denotes excision, cutting off, as the gardener cuts off, with a pruning knife, dead boughs, or luxuriant stems.
if thou
2:7, Luke 8:15, John 8:31, 15:4-10, Acts 11:23, 14:22, 1 Corinthians 15:2, Galatians 6:9, 1 Thessalonians 3:5,8, Hebrews 3:6,14, 10:23,35-39, 1 John 2:19, Jude 1:20,21
otherwise
Ezekiel 3:20, 18:24, 33:17-19, Matthew 3:9,10, John 15:2, Revelation 2:5
Verse 23

And they also, if they abide not still in unbelief, shall be graffed in: for God is able to graff them in again.
Zechariah 12:10, Matthew 23:39, 2 Corinthians 3:16
Verse 24

For if thou wert cut out of the olive tree which is wild by nature, and wert graffed contrary to nature into a good olive tree: how much more shall these, which be the natural branches, be graffed into their own olive tree?
17,18,30
Verse 25

For I would not, brethren, that ye should be ignorant of this mystery, lest ye should be wise in your own conceits; that blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in.
I would
Psalms 107:43, Hosea 14:9, 1 Corinthians 10:1, 12:1, 2 Peter 3:8
this
16:25, Ephesians 3:3,4,9, Revelation 10:7
lest
12:16, Proverbs 3:5-7, 26:12,16, Isaiah 5:21
blindness
or, hardness.
7,8, 2 Corinthians 3:14-16
until
Psalms 22:27, 72:8-14,17, 127:1, Isaiah 2:1-8, 60:1-22, 66:18-23, Micah 4:1,2, Zechariah 8:20-23, 14:9-21, Luke 21:24, Revelation 7:9, 11:15, 20:2-4
Verse 26

And so all Israel shall be saved: as it is written, There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob:
all
Isaiah 11:11-16, 45:17, 54:6-10, Jeremiah 3:17-23, 30:17-22, 31:31-37, Jeremiah 32:37-41, 33:24-26, Ezekiel 34:22-31, 37:21-28, 39:25-29, Ezekiel 40:1-48, Hosea 3:5, Joel 3:16-21, Amos 9:14,15, Micah 7:15-20, Zephaniah 3:12-20, Zechariah 10:6-12
There
Psalms 14:7, 106:47, Isaiah 59:20
and shall
Matthew 1:21, Acts 3:26, Titus 2:14
Verse 27

For this is my covenant unto them, when I shall take away their sins.
this
Isaiah 55:3, 59:21, Jeremiah 31:31-34, 32:38-40, Hebrews 8:8-12, 10:16
when
Isaiah 27:9, 43:25, Jeremiah 50:20, Ezekiel 36:25-29, Hosea 14:2, John 1:29
Verse 28

As concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sakes: but as touching the election, they are beloved for the fathers' sakes.
are enemies
11,30, Matthew 21:43, Acts 13:45,46, 14:2, 18:6, 1 Thessalonians 2:15,16
but
7, Isaiah 41:8,9
are beloved
Genesis 26:4, 28:14, Leviticus 26:40-42, Deuteronomy 4:31, 7:7,8, 8:18, 9:5, 10:15, Psalms 105:8-11, Jeremiah 31:3, Micah 7:20, Luke 1:54,68-75
Verse 29

For the gifts and calling of God are without repentance.
Numbers 23:19, Hosea 13:14, Malachi 3:6
Verse 30

For as ye in times past have not believed God, yet have now obtained mercy through their unbelief:
as ye
1 Corinthians 6:9-11, Ephesians 2:1,2,12,13,19-21, Colossians 3:7, Titus 3:3-7
believed
or, obeyed. obtained.
31, 1 Corinthians 7:25, 2 Corinthians 4:1, 1 Timothy 1:18, 1 Peter 2:10
through
Verse 31

Even so have these also now not believed, that through your mercy they also may obtain mercy.
believed
or, obeyed.
10:16, 11:15,25
Verse 32

For God hath concluded them all in unbelief, that he might have mercy upon all.
God
3:9,22, Galatians 3:22
concluded them all
or, shut them all up together.
John 1:7, 12:32, 1 Timothy 2:4-6
Verse 33

O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! how unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past finding out!
the depth
Psalms 107:8-43, Proverbs 25:3, Ephesians 3:18
riches
2:4, 9:23, Ephesians 1:7, 2:7, 3:8,10,16, Colossians 1:27, 2:2,3
how
Job 5:9, 9:10, 11:7-9, 26:14, 33:13, 37:19,23, Psalms 36:6, 40:5, 77:19, Psalms 92:5, 97:2, Ecclesiastes 3:11, Daniel 4:35
Verse 34

For who hath known the mind of the Lord? or who hath been his counsellor?
Job 15:8, 36:22, Isaiah 40:13, Jeremiah 23:18, 1 Corinthians 2:16
Verse 35

Or who hath first given to him, and it shall be recompensed unto him again?
Job 35:7, 41:11, Matthew 20:15, 1 Corinthians 4:7
Verse 36

For of him, and through him, and to him, are all things: to whom be glory for ever. Amen.
of him
1 Chronicles 29:11,12, Psalms 33:6, Proverbs 16:4, Daniel 2:20-23, 4:3,34, Matthew 6:13, Acts 17:25,26,28, 1 Corinthians 8:6, Ephesians 4:6-10, Colossians 1:15-17, Revelation 21:6
to whom
Gr. to him.
16:27, Psalms 29:1,2, 96:7,8, 115:1, Isaiah 42:12, Luke 2:14, 19:38, Galatians 1:5, Ephesians 3:21, Philippians 4:20, 1 Timothy 1:17, 6:16, 2 Timothy 4:18, Hebrews 13:21, 1 Peter 5:11, 2 Peter 3:18, Jude 1:25, Revelation 1:5,6, 4:10,11, 5:12-14, 7:10, 19:1,6,7

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