Bible Commentaries

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Romans 9

Introduction

1  Paul is sorry for the Jews.
7  All of Abraham not of the promise.
18  God's sovereignty.
25  The calling of the Gentiles and rejecting of the Jews, foretold.
32  The cause of the Jews' stumbling.
Verse 1

I say the truth in Christ, I lie not, my conscience also bearing me witness in the Holy Ghost,
I say
1:9, 2 Corinthians 1:23, 11:31, 12:19, Galatians 1:20, Philippians 1:8, 1 Thessalonians 2:5, 1 Timothy 2:7, 5:21
my conscience
2:15, 8:16, 2 Corinthians 1:12, 1 Timothy 1:5, 1 John 3:19-21
Verse 2

That I have great heaviness and continual sorrow in my heart.
10:1, 1 Samuel 15:35, Psalms 119:136, Isaiah 66:10, Jeremiah 9:1, 13:17, Lamentations 1:12, Lamentations 3:48,49,51, Ezekiel 9:4, Luke 19:41-44, Philippians 3:18, Revelation 11:3
Verse 3

For I could wish that myself were accursed from Christ for my brethren, my kinsmen according to the flesh:
I could
Exodus 32:32
were
Deuteronomy 21:23, Joshua 6:17,18, 1 Samuel 14:24,44, Galatians 1:8, 3:10,13
accursed
or, separated. my kinsmen.
11:1, Genesis 29:14, Esther 8:6, Acts 7:23-26, 13:26
Verse 4

Who are Israelites; to whom pertaineth the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the service of God, and the promises;
are Israelites
6, Genesis 32:28, Exodus 19:3-6, Deuteronomy 7:6, Psalms 73:1, Isaiah 41:8, 46:3, John 1:47
the adoption
Exodus 4:22, Deuteronomy 14:1, Jeremiah 31:9,20, Hosea 11:1
and the glory
Numbers 7:89, 1 Samuel 4:21,22, 1 Kings 8:11, Psalms 63:2, 78:61, 90:16, Isaiah 60:19
covenants
or, testaments.
Genesis 15:18, 17:2,7,10, Exodus 24:7,8, 34:27, Deuteronomy 29:1, 31:16, Nehemiah 13:29, Psalms 89:3,34, Jeremiah 31:33, 33:20-25, Acts 3:25, Hebrews 8:6-10
the giving
3:2, Nehemiah 9:13,14, Psalms 147:19, Ezekiel 20:11,12, John 1:17
the service
Exodus 12:25, Isaiah 5:2, Matthew 21:33, Hebrews 9:3,10
promises
Luke 1:54,55,69-75, Acts 2:39, 3:25,26, 13:32,33, Ephesians 2:12, Hebrews 6:13-17
Verse 5

Whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen.
are the fathers
11:28, Deuteronomy 10:15
of whom
1:3, Genesis 12:3, 49:10, Isaiah 7:14, 11:1, Matthew 1:1-17, Luke 3:23-38, 2 Timothy 2:8, Revelation 22:16
who is
10:12, Psalms 45:6, 103:19, Isaiah 9:6,7, Jeremiah 23:5,6, Micah 5:2, John 1:1-3, John 10:30, Acts 20:28, Philippians 2:6-11, Colossians 1:16, 1 Timothy 3:16, Hebrews 1:8-13, 1 John 5:20
blessed
1:25, Psalms 72:19, 2 Corinthians 11:31, 1 Timothy 6:15
Amen
Deuteronomy 27:15-26, 1 Kings 1:36, 1 Chronicles 16:36, Psalms 41:13, 89:52, 106:48, Jeremiah 28:6, Matthew 6:13, 28:20, 1 Corinthians 14:16, Revelation 1:18, 5:14, 22:20
Verse 6

Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For they are not all Israel, which are of Israel:
as though
3:3, 11:1,2, Numbers 23:19, Isaiah 55:11, Matthew 24:35, John 10:35, 2 Timothy 2:13, Hebrews 6:17,18
they are not
2:28,29, 4:12-16, John 1:47, Galatians 6:16
Verse 7

Neither, because they are the seed of Abraham, are they all children: but, In Isaac shall thy seed be called.
because
Luke 3:8, 16:24,25,30, John 8:37-39, Philippians 3:3
In Isaac
Genesis 21:12, Hebrews 11:18
Verse 8

That is, They which are the children of the flesh, these are not the children of God: but the children of the promise are counted for the seed.
They which
4:11-16, Galatians 4:22-31
are counted
Genesis 31:15, Psalms 22:30, 87:6, John 1:13, Galatians 3:26-29, 4:28, 1 John 3:1,2
Verse 9

For this is the word of promise, At this time will I come, and Sara shall have a son.
At this time
Genesis 17:21, 18:10,14, 21:2
Sarah
Hebrews 11:11,12,17
Verse 10

And not only this; but when Rebecca also had conceived by one, even by our father Isaac;
not only
5:3,11, Luke 16:26
but when
Genesis 25:21-23
Rebekah
Verse 11

(For the children being not yet born, neither having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him that calleth;) 12 It was said unto her, The elder shall serve the younger.
the children
4:17, Psalms 51:5, Ephesians 2:3
that the
8:28-30, Isaiah 14:24,26,27, 23:9, 46:10,11, Jeremiah 51:29, Ephesians 1:9-11, Ephesians 3:11, 2 Timothy 1:9
according
11:5,7, Ephesians 1:4,5, 1 Thessalonians 1:4, 2 Peter 1:10
not of works
11:6, Ephesians 2:9, Titus 3:5
but of
8:28, 1 Thessalonians 2:12, 2 Thessalonians 2:13,14, 1 Peter 5:10, Revelation 17:14
Verse 12

(For the children being not yet born, neither having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him that calleth;) 12 It was said unto her, The elder shall serve the younger.
The elder
or, The greater.
Genesis 25:22,23, 2 Samuel 8:14, 1 Kings 22:47
younger
or, lesser.
Verse 13

As it is written, Jacob have I loved, but Esau have I hated.
Jacob
Malachi 1:2,3
hated
Genesis 29:31,33, Deuteronomy 21:15, Proverbs 13:24, Matthew 10:37, Luke 14:26, John 12:25
Verse 14

What shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? God forbid.
shall
3:1,5
Is there unrighteousness
2:5, 3:5,6, Genesis 18:25, Deuteronomy 32:4, 2 Chronicles 19:7, Job 8:3, 34:10-12,18,19, Job 35:2, Psalms 92:15, 145:17, Jeremiah 12:1, Revelation 15:3,4, 16:7
Verse 15

For he saith to Moses, I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion.
I will have
16,18,19, Exodus 33:19, 34:6,7, Isaiah 27:11, Micah 7:18
Verse 16

So then it is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that sheweth mercy.
11, Genesis 27:1-4,9-14, Psalms 110:3, Isaiah 65:1, Matthew 11:25,26, Luke 10:21, John 1:12,13, 3:8, 1 Corinthians 1:26-31, Ephesians 2:4,5, Philippians 2:13, 2 Thessalonians 2:13,14, Titus 3:3-5, James 1:18, 1 Peter 2:9,10
Verse 17

For the scripture saith unto Pharaoh, Even for this same purpose have I raised thee up, that I might shew my power in thee, and that my name might be declared throughout all the earth.
For
11:4, Galatians 3:8,22, 4:30
Even
Exodus 9:16
I raised
1 Samuel 2:7,8, Esther 4:14, Isaiah 10:5,6, 45:1-3, Jeremiah 27:6,7, Daniel 4:22, Daniel 5:18-21
that
Exodus 10:1,2, 14:17,18, 15:14,15, 18:10,11, Joshua 2:9,10, 9:9, 1 Samuel 4:8, Psalms 83:17,18, Proverbs 16:4, Isaiah 37:20
that my
John 17:26
Verse 18

Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardeneth.
hath
15,16, 5:20,21, Ephesians 1:6
will he
1:24-28, 11:7,8, Exodus 4:21, 7:13, Deuteronomy 2:30, Joshua 11:20, Isaiah 63:17, Matthew 13:14,15, Acts 28:26-28, 2 Thessalonians 2:10-12
Verse 19

Thou wilt say then unto me, Why doth he yet find fault? For who hath resisted his will?
Thou
3:8, 1 Corinthians 15:12,35, James 1:13
Why doth
3:5-7, Genesis 50:20, 2 Chronicles 20:6, Job 9:12-15,19, 23:13,14, Psalms 76:10, Isaiah 10:6,7, 46:10,11, Daniel 4:35, Mark 14:21, Acts 2:23, 4:27,28
Verse 20

Nay but, O man, who art thou that repliest against God? Shall the thing formed say to him that formed it, Why hast thou made me thus? 21 Hath not the potter power over the clay, of the same lump to make one vessel unto honour, and another unto dishonour?
O man
2:1, Micah 6:8, 1 Corinthians 7:16, James 2:20
who art
Job 33:13, 36:23, 38:2,3, 40:2,5,8, 42:2-6, Matthew 20:15
repliest
or, answerest again.
Job 16:3, Titus 2:9, 1 Corinthians 1:20, 1 Timothy 6:5
Shall
Isaiah 29:16, 45:9-11
Verse 21

Nay but, O man, who art thou that repliest against God? Shall the thing formed say to him that formed it, Why hast thou made me thus? 21 Hath not the potter power over the clay, of the same lump to make one vessel unto honour, and another unto dishonour?
the potter
11,18, Proverbs 16:4, Isaiah 64:8, Jeremiah 18:3-6
one vessel
22,23, Jeremiah 22:28, Hosea 8:8, Acts 9:15, 2 Timothy 2:20,21
Verse 22

What if God, willing to shew his wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction:
willing
17, 1:18, 2:4,5, Exodus 9:16, Psalms 90:11, Proverbs 16:4, Revelation 6:16,17
endured
Numbers 14:11,18, Psalms 50:21,22, Ecclesiastes 8:11,12, Lamentations 3:22, 1 Peter 3:20, 2 Peter 2:3,9, 2 Peter 3:8,9,15, Jude 1:4, Revelation 6:9-11
the vessels
The Apostle, by employing the appellation of the vessels of wrath, carries on the similitude of the potter, by which he had illustrated the sovereignty of God.
21, 1 Thessalonians 5:9, 2 Timothy 2:20
fitted
or, made up.
Genesis 15:16, Matthew 23:31-33, 1 Thessalonians 2:16, 1 Peter 2:8, Jude 1:4
Verse 23

And that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore prepared unto glory,
might
2:4, 5:20,21, Ephesians 1:6-8,18, 2:4,7,10, 3:8,16, Colossians 1:27, 2 Thessalonians 1:10-12
he had afore
1 Chronicles 29:18, Luke 1:17, Ephesians 2:3-5, Colossians 1:12, 1 Thessalonians 5:9, 2 Thessalonians 2:13,14, 2 Timothy 2:21, Titus 3:3-7, 1 Peter 1:2-5
Verse 24

Even us, whom he hath called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles?
whom
8:28-30, 1 Corinthians 1:9, Hebrews 3:1, 1 Peter 5:10, Revelation 19:9
not of the Jews
3:29,30, 4:11,12, 10:12, 11:11-13, 15:8-16, Genesis 49:10, Psalms 22:27, Acts 13:47,48, 15:14, 21:17-20, Galatians 3:28, Ephesians 2:11-13, 3:6-8, Colossians 3:11
Verse 25

As he saith also in Osee, I will call them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved, which was not beloved.
in Osee
Hosea 1:1,2
Hosea
I will call.
Hosea 2:23, 1 Peter 2:10
beloved
1:7, Ezekiel 16:8, John 16:27
Verse 26

And it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my people; there shall they be called the children of the living God.
And it
Hosea 1:9,10
there shall
8:16, Isaiah 43:6, John 11:52, 2 Corinthians 6:18, Galatians 3:26, 1 John 3:1-3
Verse 27

Esaias also crieth concerning Israel, Though the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, a remnant shall be saved:
Esaias
Isaiah 1:1
Isaiah
though.
Isaiah 10:20-23
a remnant
11:4-6, Ezra 9:8,14, Isaiah 1:9, 10:20,21, 11:11, 24:13, Jeremiah 5:10, Ezekiel 6:8, Micah 5:3-8
Verse 28

For he will finish the work, and cut it short in righteousness: because a short work will the Lord make upon the earth.
work
or, account. and cut.
Isaiah 28:22, 30:12-14, Daniel 9:26,27, Matthew 24:21
in righteousness
Psalms 9:8, 65:5, Isaiah 5:16, Acts 17:31, Revelation 19:11
Verse 29

And as Esaias said before, Except the Lord of Sabaoth had left us a seed, we had been as Sodoma, and been made like unto Gomorrha.
Except
Isaiah 1:9, 6:13, Lamentations 3:22
Sabaoth
James 5:4
we had been
Genesis 19:24,25, Isaiah 13:19, Jeremiah 49:18, 50:40, Lamentations 4:6, Amos 4:11, Zephaniah 2:6
Sodom, Gomorrah
2 Peter 2:6, Jude 1:7
Verse 30

What shall we say then? That the Gentiles, which followed not after righteousness, have attained to righteousness, even the righteousness which is of faith.
shall
14, 3:5
the Gentiles
1:18-32, 4:11, 10:20, Isaiah 65:1,2, 1 Corinthians 6:9-11, Ephesians 2:12, 4:17-19, 1 Peter 4:3
followed
31, Proverbs 15:9, 21:21, Isaiah 51:1, 1 Timothy 6:11
even the righteousness
1:17, 3:22, 4:9,11,13,22, 5:1, 10:10, Galatians 3:8, 5:5, Philippians 3:9, Hebrews 11:7
Verse 31

But Israel, which followed after the law of righteousness, hath not attained to the law of righteousness.
followed
30-32, 10:2-4, Galatians 3:21, Philippians 3:6
hath
3:20, 4:14,15, 11:7, Galatians 3:10,11, 5:3,4, James 2:10,11
Verse 32

Wherefore? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumblingstone;
Because
4:16, 10:3, Matthew 19:16-20, John 6:27-29, Acts 16:30-34, 1 John 5:9-12
they stumbled
11:11, Matthew 13:57, Luke 2:34, 7:23, 1 Corinthians 1:23
Verse 33

As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed.
Behold
Psalms 118:22, Isaiah 8:14,15, 28:16, Matthew 21:42,44, 1 Peter 2:7,8
and whosoever
5:5, 10:11, Psalms 25:2,3,20, Isaiah 45:17, 54:4, Joel 2:26,27, Philippians 1:20, 2 Timothy 1:12, 1 John 2:28
ashamed
or, confounded.
1 Peter 2:6

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