Bible Commentaries

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Joshua 12

Introduction

1  The two kings whose countries Moses took and disposed of.
7  The one and thirty kings on the other side of Jordan which Joshua smote.
Verse 1

Now these are the kings of the land, which the children of Israel smote, and possessed their land on the other side Jordan toward the rising of the sun, from the river Arnon unto mount Hermon, and all the plain on the east:
on the other
1:15, 22:4
from the
Numbers 21:13,24, Deuteronomy 2:24, Judges 11:18, Isaiah 16:2
unto the mount
11:3,17, Deuteronomy 3:8,9, 4:48, Psalms 133:3
Verse 2

Sihon king of the Amorites, who dwelt in Heshbon, and ruled from Aroer, which is upon the bank of the river Arnon, and from the middle of the river, and from half Gilead, even unto the river Jabbok, which is the border of the children of Ammon;
Sihon
Numbers 21:23-30, Deuteronomy 2:24-37, 3:6-17, Nehemiah 9:22, Psalms 135:11, 136:19,20
Jabbok
Genesis 32:22, Judges 11:13,22
Verse 3

And from the plain to the sea of Chinneroth on the east, and unto the sea of the plain, even the salt sea on the east, the way to Bethjeshimoth; and from the south, under Ashdothpisgah:
sea of Chinneroth
This inland sea, or rather lake, which drives its several names, the Lake of Tiberias, Sea of Galilee, Lake of Gennesareth, from the territory which forms its western and south-western border, is computed to be between seventeen and eighteen miles in length, and from five to six in breadth. The waters of this lake, which are sweet and agreeable, lie in a deep basin, surrounded with lofty hills, except at the north and south, where it is a plain country or level. There is a current through the whole lake even to the shore; and the Jordan through it is discernible by the smoothness of the surface in that part. Its appearance from the north- western extremity is said by Mr. Buckingham to be exceedingly grand; but the barren aspect of the mountains on each side, and the total absence of wood, give a cast of dullness to the picture.
11:2, Deuteronomy 3:17, John 6:1
Sea of Tiberias
the sea.
3:16, 15:2,5, Genesis 14:3, 19:25, Deuteronomy 3:17
Beth-jeshimoth
13:20
the south
or, Teman. Ashdoth-pisgah. or, the springs of Pisgah, or, the hill.
Numbers 21:20, Deuteronomy 3:17; *marg:; Deuteronomy 4:49
Verse 4

And the coast of Og king of Bashan, which was of the remnant of the giants, that dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei,
the coast
Numbers 21:33-35, Deuteronomy 3:1-7,10
the remnant
13:12, Deuteronomy 3:11
dwelt
Deuteronomy 1:4
Verse 5

And reigned in mount Hermon, and in Salcah, and in all Bashan, unto the border of the Geshurites and the Maachathites, and half Gilead, the border of Sihon king of Heshbon.
Hermon
1, 11:3, Deuteronomy 3:8,9, 4:47,48
Salcah
13:11, Deuteronomy 3:10
unto the
Deuteronomy 3:14, 1 Samuel 27:8, 2 Samuel 3:3, 13:37, 15:8, 23:34, 2 Kings 25:23
Verse 6

Them did Moses the servant of the LORD and the children of Israel smite: and Moses the servant of the LORD gave it for a possession unto the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh.
did Moses
Numbers 21:24-35
gave it
13:8-32, Luke 22:29-42, Deuteronomy 3:11-17
Verse 7

And these are the kings of the country which Joshua and the children of Israel smote on this side Jordan on the west, from Baalgad in the valley of Lebanon even unto the mount Halak, that goeth up to Seir; which Joshua gave unto the tribes of Israel for a possession according to their divisions;
on this side
1, 3:17, 9:1
Baal-gad
11:17, 13:5
Seir
Genesis 14:6, 32:3, 36:8,20,30, Deuteronomy 2:1,4
Joshua gave
1:3,4, 11:23, 13:1-19, Deuteronomy 11:23,24
Verse 8

In the mountains, and in the valleys, and in the plains, and in the springs, and in the wilderness, and in the south country; the Hittites, the Amorites, and the Canaanites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites:
the mountains
10:40, 11:16
the Hittites
9:1, Genesis 15:18-21, Exodus 3:8, 23:23,28-31, Deuteronomy 7:19:1
Verse 9

The king of Jericho, one; the king of Ai, which is beside Bethel, one;
Jericho
6:2-21
Ai
8:1,17,29-35
Verse 10

The king of Jerusalem, one; the king of Hebron, one;
Jerusalem
10:23
Hebron
10:3,23,36,37
Verse 11

The king of Jarmuth, one; the king of Lachish, one;
Jarmuth
Placed by Eusebius and Jerome four miles from Eleutheropolis, near Eshtaol; but, in Jermus, which is probably the same, they state it to be ten miles from Eleutheropolis, towards Jerusalem; which is supposed to be nearer the truth.
10:3-23
Lachish
Eusebius and Jerome say it was a village in their time, seven miles south from Eleutheropolis.
10:3,23,31,32
Verse 12

The king of Eglon, one; the king of Gezer, one;
Eglon
10:3,23, 15:39
Gezer
Gezer appears to have situated in the tribe of Ephraim, near Beth-horon, between it and the sea. Eusebius and Jerome place it four miles north of Nicopolis or Emmaus.
10:33
Verse 13

The king of Debir, one; the king of Geder, one;
Debir
10:3,38
Geder
15:36
Verse 14

The king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one;
Hormah
Numbers 14:45, 21:3
Arad
Eusebius places this city in the neighbourhood of Kadesh, four miles from Malathis, and twenty from Hebron.
Numbers 21:1
Verse 15

The king of Libnah, one; the king of Adullam, one;
Libnah
Eusebius and Jerome inform us, that Libnah was a town or village in their time, lying in the district of Eleutheropolis.
10:29,30
Adullam
1 Samuel 22:1
Verse 16

The king of Makkedah, one; the king of Bethel, one;
Makkedah
10:28
Beth-el
8:17, Genesis 12:8, 28:19, Judges 1:22
Verse 17

The king of Tappuah, one; the king of Hepher, one;
Tappuah
15:34
Hepher
19:13, 1 Kings 4:10
Verse 18

The king of Aphek, one; the king of Lasharon, one;
Aphek
19:30, 1 Samuel 4:1
Lasharon
or, Sharon.
Isaiah 33:9
Verse 19

The king of Madon, one; the king of Hazor, one;
Madon
11:1
Hazor
11:1,10,11, Judges 4:2
Verse 20

The king of Shimronmeron, one; the king of Achshaph, one;
Shimron-meron
11:1, 19:15
Achshaph
11:1, 19:25
Verse 21

The king of Taanach, one; the king of Megiddo, one;
Taanach
17:11, Judges 5:19
Megiddo
1 Kings 4:12, 2 Kings 23:29,30
Verse 22

The king of Kedesh, one; the king of Jokneam of Carmel, one;
Kedesh
15:23, 19:37, 21:32
Jokneam
19:11
Carmel
15:55, 1 Samuel 25:2, Isaiah 35:2
Verse 23

The king of Dor in the coast of Dor, one; the king of the nations of Gilgal, one;
Dor
11:2, 17:11
the nations
Genesis 14:1,2, Isaiah 9:1
Gilgal
4:19, 5:9,10
Verse 24

The king of Tirzah, one: all the kings thirty and one.
Tirzah
1 Kings 16:23, 2 Kings 15:14

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