Bible Commentaries

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Leviticus 22

Introduction

1  The priests in their uncleanness must abstain from the holy things.
6  How they shall be cleansed.
10  Who of the priest's house may eat of the holy things.
17  The sacrifices must be without blemish.
26  The age of the sacrifice.
29  The law of eating the sacrifice of thanksgiving.
Verse 2

Speak unto Aaron and to his sons, that they separate themselves from the holy things of the children of Israel, and that they profane not my holy name in those things which they hallow unto me: I am the LORD.
3-6, 15:31, Numbers 6:3-8
that they profane not
This is the very ground of the prohibition, that they might preserve in their minds a holy reverence for the Divine Majesty. Hence when they approached unto him, they must be free from every legal impurity. If great men are to be approached with respect, how much more must Jehovah be approached with holy reverence!
32, 18:21, 19:12, 20:3, 21:6
hallow
Exodus 13:12, 28:38, Numbers 18:32, Deuteronomy 15:19
Verse 3

Say unto them, Whosoever he be of all your seed among your generations, that goeth unto the holy things, which the children of Israel hallow unto the LORD, having his uncleanness upon him, that soul shall be cut off from my presence: I am the LORD.
having his uncleanness upon him
That is, in other words, "when he is unclean."
7:20,21
that soul
That is, according to some, thrust out of the priest's office, or from officiating at the altar; or, according to others, cut off by some immediate stroke of divine justice, like Nadab and Abihu.
from my
Exodus 33:14,15, Psalms 16:11, 51:11, Matthew 25:41, 2 Thessalonians 1:9
Verse 4

What man soever of the seed of Aaron is a leper, or hath a running issue; he shall not eat of the holy things, until he be clean. And whoso toucheth any thing that is unclean by the dead, or a man whose seed goeth from him;
the seed
These words include the daughters as well as the sons of Aaron.
a leper
13:2,3,44-46
running issue
Heb. running of the reins.
15:2,3
holy things
2:3,10, 6:25-29, 21:22, Numbers 18:9,19
until
14:2-32, 15:13-15
unclean
21:1, Numbers 19:11-16
whose
15:16
Verse 5

Or whosoever toucheth any creeping thing, whereby he may be made unclean, or a man of whom he may take uncleanness, whatsoever uncleanness he hath;
whosoever
11:24,43,44
or a man
15:7,19
Verse 6

The soul which hath touched any such shall be unclean until even, and shall not eat of the holy things, unless he wash his flesh with water.
11:24,25, 15:5, 16:24-28, Numbers 19:7-10, Haggai 2:13, 1 Corinthians 6:11, Hebrews 10:22
Verse 7

And when the sun is down, he shall be clean, and shall afterward eat of the holy things; because it is his food.
21:22, Numbers 18:11-19, Deuteronomy 18:3,4, 1 Corinthians 9:4,13,14
Verse 8

That which dieth of itself, or is torn with beasts, he shall not eat to defile himself therewith: I am the LORD.
17:15, Exodus 22:31, Deuteronomy 14:21, Ezekiel 44:31
Verse 9

They shall therefore keep mine ordinance, lest they bear sin for it, and die therefore, if they profane it: I the LORD do sanctify them.
bear sin for it
That is, be punished if he break it.
10:1,2, 16:2, Exodus 28:43, Numbers 18:22,32
Verse 10

There shall no stranger eat of the holy thing: a sojourner of the priest, or an hired servant, shall not eat of the holy thing.
1 Samuel 21:6, Matthew 12:4
Verse 11

But if the priest buy any soul with his money, he shall eat of it, and he that is born in his house: they shall eat of his meat.
his money
Heb. the purchase of his money.
Genesis 17:13, Numbers 18:11-13
Verse 12

If the priest's daughter also be married unto a stranger, she may not eat of an offering of the holy things.
a stranger
Heb. a man, a stranger.
21:3, Isaiah 40:13; *marg:
Verse 13

But if the priest's daughter be a widow, or divorced, and have no child, and is returned unto her father's house, as in her youth, she shall eat of her father's meat: but there shall no stranger eat thereof.
returned unto her father's house
A widow in Bengal not unfrequently returns to her father's house on the death of her husband: the union between her and her own family is never so dissolved as among European nations.
Genesis 38:11
as in her
10:14, Numbers 18:11-19
Verse 14

And if a man eat of the holy thing unwittingly, then he shall put the fifth part thereof unto it, and shall give it unto the priest with the holy thing.
5:15-19, 27:13,15
Verse 15

And they shall not profane the holy things of the children of Israel, which they offer unto the LORD;
9, 19:8, Numbers 18:32, Ezekiel 22:26
Verse 16

Or suffer them to bear the iniquity of trespass, when they eat their holy things: for I the LORD do sanctify them.
suffer them to bear the iniquity of the trespass
or, lade themselves with the iniquity of trespass in their eating. bear.
7:18, Psalms 38:4, Isaiah 53:11,12, 1 Peter 2:24
for I
9, 20:8
Verse 18

Speak unto Aaron, and to his sons, and unto all the children of Israel, and say unto them, Whatsoever he be of the house of Israel, or of the strangers in Israel, that will offer his oblation for all his vows, and for all his freewill offerings, which they will offer unto the LORD for a burnt offering;
Whatsoever
1:2,10, 17:10,13
of the strangers
Numbers 15:14-16
vows
7:16, 23:38, Numbers 15:3, Deuteronomy 12:6, Psalms 22:25, 56:12, 61:5,8, 65:1, 66:13, Psalms 116:14,18, Ecclesiastes 5:4, Jonah 1:16, 2:9, Nahum 1:15, Acts 18:18
freewill
Numbers 15:3, Deuteronomy 12:6,17, 16:10
Verse 19

Ye shall offer at your own will a male without blemish, of the beeves, of the sheep, or of the goats.
1:3,10, 4:32, Exodus 12:5, Matthew 27:4,19,24,54, Luke 23:14,41,47, John 19:4, 2 Corinthians 5:21, Ephesians 5:27, Hebrews 9:14, 1 Peter 1:19, 2:22-24, 3:18
Verse 20

But whatsoever hath a blemish, that shall ye not offer: for it shall not be acceptable for you.
25, Deuteronomy 15:21, 17:1, Malachi 1:8,13,14
Verse 21

And whosoever offereth a sacrifice of peace offerings unto the LORD to accomplish his vow, or a freewill offering in beeves or sheep, it shall be perfect to be accepted; there shall be no blemish therein.
peace
3:1,6, 7:11-38
to accomplish
Genesis 28:20, 35:1-3, Numbers 15:3,8, Deuteronomy 23:21-23, Psalms 50:14, Proverbs 7:14, Ecclesiastes 5:4,5
sheep
or, goats. it shall be perfect. This law is so founded on the nature of the thing itself, that it has been in force among all nations that sacrificed victims to their deities.
Verse 22

Blind, or broken, or maimed, or having a wen, or scurvy, or scabbed, ye shall not offer these unto the LORD, nor make an offering by fire of them upon the altar unto the LORD.
Blind
20, 21:18-21, Malachi 1:8
an offering
1:9,13, 3:3,5
Verse 23

Either a bullock or a lamb that hath any thing superfluous or lacking in his parts, that mayest thou offer for a freewill offering; but for a vow it shall not be accepted.
lamb
or, kid. superfluous.
21:18
Verse 24

Ye shall not offer unto the LORD that which is bruised, or crushed, or broken, or cut; neither shall ye make any offering thereof in your land.
broken
or, cut.
20, Deuteronomy 23:1
Verse 25

Neither from a stranger's hand shall ye offer the bread of your God of any of these; because their corruption is in them, and blemishes be in them: they shall not be accepted for you.
a stranger's
Numbers 15:14-16, 16:40, Ezra 6:8-10
the bread
21:6,8,21,22, Malachi 1:7,8,12-14
because
Ephesians 2:12, 1 John 5:18
Verse 27

When a bullock, or a sheep, or a goat, is brought forth, then it shall be seven days under the dam; and from the eighth day and thenceforth it shall be accepted for an offering made by fire unto the LORD.
seven days
It was necessary for the mother's health that the young one should suck so long; and prior to this time, the process of nutrition in a young animal can scarcely be considered as completely formed. Besides this, it may justly be asserted, that the flesh of very young animals is comparatively innutritive. There is something brutish in eating the young of beast or fowl, before the hair and hoofs are perfect in the one, and feathers and claws in the other; and before this period, their flesh is not good for food, consequently they were not fit for sacrifice, which is termed the bread or food of God, (ver. 25.)
25, 12:2,3, 19:23,24, Exodus 22:30
Verse 28

And whether it be cow or ewe, ye shall not kill it and her young both in one day.
ewe
or, she goat. ye shall not kill it. This law was certainly intended to inculcate mercy and tenderness of heart; and so the Jews have understood it.
Exodus 23:19, 34:26, Deuteronomy 14:21, 22:6,7
Verse 29

And when ye will offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving unto the LORD, offer it at your own will.
7:12-15, Psalms 107:22, 116:17, Hosea 14:2, Amos 4:5, Hebrews 13:15, 1 Peter 2:5
Verse 30

On the same day it shall be eaten up; ye shall leave none of it until the morrow: I am the LORD.
7:15-18, 19:7, Exodus 16:19,20
Verse 31

Therefore shall ye keep my commandments, and do them: I am the LORD.
18:4,5, 19:37, Numbers 15:40, Deuteronomy 4:40, 1 Thessalonians 4:1,2
Verse 32

Neither shall ye profane my holy name; but I will be hallowed among the children of Israel: I am the LORD which hallow you,
2, 18:21
I will
10:3, Isaiah 5:16, Matthew 6:9, Luke 11:2
hallow you
16, 20:8, 21:8,15, Exodus 19:5,6, John 17:17, 1 Corinthians 1:2
Verse 33

That brought you out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: I am the LORD.
11:45, 19:36, 25:38, Exodus 6:7, 20:2, Numbers 15:41

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