Bible Commentaries

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Job 31

Introduction

1  Job makes a solemn protestation of his integrity in several duties.
Verse 1

I made a covenant with mine eyes; why then should I think upon a maid?
a covenant
Genesis 6:2, 2 Samuel 11:2-4, Psalms 119:37, Proverbs 4:25, 23:31-33, Matthew 5:28,29, 1 John 2:16
think
Proverbs 6:25, James 1:14,15
Verse 2

For what portion of God is there from above? and what inheritance of the Almighty from on high?
20:29, 27:13, Hebrews 13:4
Verse 3

Is not destruction to the wicked? and a strange punishment to the workers of iniquity?
destruction
21:30, Psalms 55:23, 73:18, Proverbs 1:27, 10:29, 21:15, Matthew 7:13, Romans 9:22, 1 Thessalonians 5:3, 2 Thessalonians 1:9, 2 Peter 2:1
a strange
Isaiah 28:21, Jude 1:7
Verse 4

Doth not he see my ways, and count all my steps?
14:16, 34:21, Genesis 16:13, 2 Chronicles 16:9, Psalms 44:21, 139:1-3, Proverbs 5:21, 15:3, Jeremiah 16:17, 32:19, John 1:48, Hebrews 4:13
Verse 5

If I have walked with vanity, or if my foot hath hasted to deceit;
If
Psalms 7:3-5
walked
Psalms 4:2, 12:2, 44:20,21, Proverbs 12:11, Jeremiah 2:5, Ezekiel 13:8
Verse 6

Let me be weighed in an even balance, that God may know mine integrity.
Let me be weighed in an even balance
Heb. Let him weigh me in balances of justice.
1 Samuel 2:3, Psalms 7:8,9, 17:2,3, 26:1, Proverbs 16:11, Isaiah 26:7, Daniel 5:27, Micah 6:11
know
Joshua 22:22, Psalms 1:6, 139:23, Matthew 7:23, 2 Timothy 2:19
Verse 7

If my step hath turned out of the way, and mine heart walked after mine eyes, and if any blot hath cleaved to mine hands;
If my
Psalms 44:20,21
mine heart
Numbers 15:39, Ecclesiastes 11:9, Ezekiel 6:9, 14:3,7, Matthew 5:29
cleaved
Psalms 101:3, Isaiah 33:15
Verse 8

Then let me sow, and let another eat; yea, let my offspring be rooted out.
let me
5:5, 24:6, Leviticus 26:16, Deuteronomy 28:30-33,38,51, Judges 6:3-6, Micah 6:15
let my
5:4, 15:30, 18:19, Psalms 109:13
Verse 9

If mine heart have been deceived by a woman, or if I have laid wait at my neighbour's door;
If mine
Judges 16:5, 1 Kings 11:4, Nehemiah 13:26, Proverbs 2:16-19, 5:3-23, 6:25, 7:21, 22:14, Ecclesiastes 7:26
if I
24:15,16, Jeremiah 5:8, Hosea 7:4
Verse 10

Then let my wife grind unto another, and let others bow down upon her.
grind
Exodus 11:5, Isaiah 47:2, Matthew 24:41
and let
2 Samuel 12:11, Jeremiah 8:10, Hosea 4:13,14
Verse 11

For this is an heinous crime; yea, it is an iniquity to be punished by the judges.
an heinous
Genesis 20:9, 26:10, 39:9, Exodus 20:14, Proverbs 6:29-33
an iniquity
28, Genesis 38:24, Leviticus 20:10, Deuteronomy 22:22-24, Ezekiel 16:38
Verse 12

For it is a fire that consumeth to destruction, and would root out all mine increase.
Proverbs 3:33, 6:27, Jeremiah 5:7-9, Malachi 3:5, Hebrews 13:4
Verse 13

If I did despise the cause of my manservant or of my maidservant, when they contended with me;
the cause
Exodus 21:20,21,26,27, Leviticus 25:43,46, Deuteronomy 15:12-15, Jeremiah 34:14-17, Ephesians 6:9, Colossians 4:1
when
In ancient times slaves had no action at law against their owners; but Job admitted them to all civil rights, and permitted them to complain even against himself.
Verse 14

What then shall I do when God riseth up? and when he visiteth, what shall I answer him?
What then
9:32, 10:2, Psalms 7:6, 9:12,19, 10:12-15, 44:21, 76:9, 143:2, Isaiah 10:3, Zechariah 2:13
when he
Hosea 9:7, Micah 7:4, Mark 7:2, James 2:13
what shall
Romans 3:19
Verse 15

Did not he that made me in the womb make him? and did not one fashion us in the womb?
Did not he
34:19, Nehemiah 5:5, Proverbs 14:31, 22:2, Isaiah 58:7, Malachi 2:10, 10:8-12, Psalms 139:14-16
Verse 16

If I have withheld the poor from their desire, or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail;
withheld
22:7-9, Deuteronomy 15:7-10, Psalms 112:9, Luke 16:21, Acts 11:29, Galatians 2:10
the eyes
Deuteronomy 28:32, Psalms 69:3, 119:82,123, Isaiah 38:14, Lamentations 4:17
Verse 17

Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, and the fatherless hath not eaten thereof;
have
Deuteronomy 15:11,14, Nehemiah 8:10, Luke 11:41, John 13:29, Acts 4:32
the fatherless
29:13-16, Ezekiel 18:7,16, Romans 12:13, James 1:27, 1 John 3:17
Verse 18

(For from my youth he was brought up with me, as with a father, and I have guided her from my mother's womb;)
her
that is, the widow.
Verse 19

If I have seen any perish for want of clothing, or any poor without covering;
22:6, 2 Chronicles 28:15, Isaiah 58:7, Matthew 25:36,43, Luke 3:11, Acts 9:39, James 2:16, 1 John 3:18
Verse 20

If his loins have not blessed me, and if he were not warmed with the fleece of my sheep;
29:11, Deuteronomy 24:13
Verse 21

If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, when I saw my help in the gate:
lifted
6:27, 22:9, 24:9, 29:12, Proverbs 23:10,11, Jeremiah 5:28, Ezekiel 22:7
when
Micah 2:1,2, 7:3
Verse 22

Then let mine arm fall from my shoulder blade, and mine arm be broken from the bone.
let
10,40, Joshua 22:22,23, Psalms 7:4,5, 137:6
bone
or, chanel bone.
Verse 23

For destruction from God was a terror to me, and by reason of his highness I could not endure.
destruction
20:23, 21:20, Genesis 39:9, Psalms 119:120, Isaiah 13:6, Joel 1:15, 2 Corinthians 5:11
by
13:11, 40:9, 42:5,6, Psalms 76:7
Verse 24

If I have made gold my hope, or have said to the fine gold, Thou art my confidence;
Genesis 31:1, Deuteronomy 8:12-14, Psalms 49:6,7,17, 52:7, 62:10, Proverbs 10:15, 11:28, Proverbs 30:9, Mark 10:24, Luke 12:15, Colossians 3:5, 1 Timothy 6:10,17
Verse 25

If I rejoiced because my wealth was great, and because mine hand had gotten much;
rejoiced
Esther 5:11, Proverbs 23:5, Jeremiah 9:23, Ezekiel 28:5, Luke 12:19, 16:19,25
because
Deuteronomy 8:17,18, Isaiah 10:13,14, Daniel 4:30, Hosea 12:8, Habakkuk 1:16
gotten much
Heb. found much.
Verse 26

If I beheld the sun when it shined, or the moon walking in brightness;
beheld
Genesis 1:16-18, Deuteronomy 4:19, 11:16, 17:3, 2 Kings 23:5,11, Jeremiah 8:2, Ezekiel 8:16
sun
Heb. light. the moon.
Psalms 8:3,4, Jeremiah 44:17
in brightness
Heb. bright.
Verse 27

And my heart hath been secretly enticed, or my mouth hath kissed my hand:
my heart
Deuteronomy 11:16, 13:6, Isaiah 44:20, Romans 1:21,28
my mouth hath kissed my hand
Heb. my hand hath kissed my mouth.
1 Kings 19:18, Psalms 2:12, Hosea 13:2
Verse 28

This also were an iniquity to be punished by the judge: for I should have denied the God that is above.
an
11, 9:15, 23:7, Genesis 18:25, Deuteronomy 17:2-7,9, Judges 11:27, Psalms 50:6, Hebrews 12:23
for
Joshua 24:23,27, Proverbs 30:9, Titus 1:16, 2 Peter 2:1, 1 John 2:23, Jude 1:4
Verse 29

If I rejoiced at the destruction of him that hated me, or lifted up myself when evil found him:
2 Samuel 1:12, 4:10,11, 16:5-8, Psalms 35:13,14,25,26, Proverbs 17:5, 24:17,18
Verse 30

Neither have I suffered my mouth to sin by wishing a curse to his soul.
have
Exodus 23:4,5, Matthew 5:43,44, Romans 12:14, 1 Peter 2:22,23, 3:9
mouth
Heb. palate.
Ecclesiastes 5:2,6, Matthew 5:22, 12:36, James 3:6,9,10
Verse 31

If the men of my tabernacle said not, Oh that we had of his flesh! we cannot be satisfied.
the men
1 Samuel 24:4,10, 26:8, 2 Samuel 16:9,10, 19:21,22, Jeremiah 40:15,16, Luke 9:54,55, Luke 22:50,51
Oh
19:22, Psalms 27:2, 35:25, Proverbs 1:11,12,18, Micah 3:2,3
Verse 32

The stranger did not lodge in the street: but I opened my doors to the traveller.
The stranger
17,18, Genesis 19:2,3, Judges 19:15,20,21, Isaiah 58:7, Matthew 25:35,40,44,45, Romans 12:13, 1 Timothy 5:10, Hebrews 13:2, 1 Peter 4:9
traveller
or, way.
Verse 33

If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding mine iniquity in my bosom:
covered
Genesis 3:7,8,12, Joshua 7:11, Proverbs 28:13, Hosea 6:7, Acts 5:8, 1 John 1:8-10
as Adam
or, after the manner of men.
Hosea 6:7
Verse 34

Did I fear a great multitude, or did the contempt of families terrify me, that I kept silence, and went not out of the door?
Did I
Exodus 23:2, Proverbs 29:25, Jeremiah 38:4,5,16,19, Matthew 27:20-26
the contempt
22:8, 34:19, Exodus 32:27, Numbers 25:14,15, Nehemiah 5:7, 13:4-8,28, 2 Corinthians 5:16
that I
Esther 4:11,14, Proverbs 24:11,12, Amos 5:11-13, Micah 7:3
Verse 35

Oh that one would hear me! behold, my desire is, that the Almighty would answer me, and that mine adversary had written a book.
Oh
13:3, 17:3, 23:3-7, 33:6, 38:1-3, 40:4,5
my desire is, that the Almighty would answer me
or, my sign is that the Almighty will answer me.
13:21,22, Psalms 26:1
mine
13:24, 19:11,23,24, 33:10,11, Matthew 5:25
Verse 36

Surely I would take it upon my shoulder, and bind it as a crown to me.
I
Exodus 28:12, Isaiah 22:22
a crown
29:14, Isaiah 62:3, Philippians 4:1
Verse 37

I would declare unto him the number of my steps; as a prince would I go near unto him.
declare
9:3, 13:15, 14:16, 42:3-6, Psalms 19:12
as a
Genesis 32:28, Ephesians 3:12, Hebrews 4:15,16, 1 John 3:19-21
Verse 38

If my land cry against me, or that the furrows likewise thereof complain;
cry
20:27, Habakkuk 2:11, James 5:4
complain
Heb. weep.
Psalms 65:13
Verse 39

If I have eaten the fruits thereof without money, or have caused the owners thereof to lose their life:
fruits
Heb. strength.
Genesis 4:12
caused the owners thereof to lose their life
Heb. caused the soul of the owners thereof to expire, or breathe out.
1 Kings 21:13-16,19, Proverbs 1:19, Isaiah 26:21, Ezekiel 22:6,12,13
Verse 40

Let thistles grow instead of wheat, and cockle instead of barley. The words of Job are ended.
thistles
Choach, probably the black thorn. (See on 2 Ki 14:9.)
Genesis 3:17,18, Isaiah 7:23, Zephaniah 2:9, Malachi 1:3
cockle
or, noisome weeds. The.
Psalms 72:20

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